Huge U6 Vocab

urban sprawl

expand in an unplanned and uncontrolled way, covering large expanses of land.

edge city

community located on the outskirts of a larger city

boomburg

a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents

exurb

a typically fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the residents and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs

infill

redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas

megacity

Cities with populations of more than 10 million

metacity

A city with a population over 20 million

world cities

have influence not only over their country/region but also across the globe

rank size rule

rule used to describe relationships between population size and rank in urban system.

primate city

city that exceeds in population size and influence, the county's next largest city

central place theory

explains hierarchial patterns in the number, size, and location of cities and other settlements

threshold

number of people needed to support a certain good or service

range

distance someone is willing to travel for a good/service

concentric-zone model

observes that a city grows outward from its CBD in a series of concentric rings

sector model

as cities develop wedge shaped sectors and divisions emanate from the CBD and emerge generally along transit routes.

Multiple-Nuceli Model (Harris and Ullman)

most large US cities don't grow in rings or in sectors but are formed by the progressive integrtaion of multiple focal points of a node.

nodes

the focal point of a functional region

galactic city model

cities have a traditional downtown and loose coalations of other areas

Latin American City Model

traditional central market shares a CBD with a modern business center plus important religious and governmental buildings.

Disamenity Zones

a high-poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry

Squatter Settlement

informal housing areas in disamenity zones

African City Model

incorportaes aspects of eraly city models, inclusing concentric rings and sectors radiating from the center, both which reflect the comp. for accessible and affordable sites.

Southeast Asian City Model

there are only two formal zones that remain constant; port zone and zone of intensive market gardening periphery.

ecological footprint

impact on the environment expressed as the amount of land required to sustain its use of natural resources.

Mixed-use development

a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces

Walkability

how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

transportation-oriented development

the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station

smart growth policies

To create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible.

mixed-use zoning

permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure

traditional zoning

creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function

new urbanism

limiting urban expansion while preserving nature and usuable farmland

slow-growth cities

Cities where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which cities grow outward

urban growth boundary

borders a city's edges and defines where new development can take place

greenbelt

a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl

de facto segregation

segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws

redlining

banks refuse to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhoods racial or ethnic makeup.

blockbusting

convincing white property owners to sell houses at below market prices and create concern of minorities moving into neighborhoods.

urban area

a city and its surrounding areas

zones of abandonment

Areas that have been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land values, and falling demand

filtering

the process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups

Inclusionary Zoning laws

creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percent of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers

land tenure

the legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land

eminent domain

government's right to take privately owned property for public use or interest

environmental injustice

some communities of color and poor are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens.

urban renewal

cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a way to rebuild their downtowns.

regional planning

planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities

brownfields

abandoned polluted industrial sites in central cities and suburbs.

zoning

the process of dividing a city or urban area into zones within which only certain land uses are permitted

metropolitan area

city and surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city.