A2.2.4 - universal cell structures

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Last updated 1:21 AM on 10/30/25
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6 Terms

1
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What are the three universal structures found in all typical cells?

  1. DNA as genetic material

  2. cytoplasm - made mostly of water

  3. plasma membrane made of phospholipids

2
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what is the central dogma of molecular biology?

the process by which genetic info flows from DNA → RNA → protein 

3
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What are the three stages of the central dogma?

  1. replication (DNA → DNA)

  2. transcription (DNA → RNA)

  3. translation (RNA → protein)

4
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why are the three structures of the cell membrane universal?

performs necessary functions for life

  • DNA: Information storage and transmission

  • Cytoplasm: Site of metabolic reactions

  • Plasma membrane: Boundary and regulation

5
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what theory does the presence of universal cellular structures support?

common ancestry

6
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what are the four functions of the plasma membrane?

  • Selective permeability: Regulates the passage of substances

  • Communication: Contains receptors for signal molecules

  • Structural support: Maintains cell shape

  • Transport: Facilitates active and passive transport