Neurological System Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts, terms, and definitions related to the neurological system as outlined in the lecture notes.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes cranial and spinal nerves; divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Neuron

Primary cell of the nervous system responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

Neuroglial Cells

Support cells in the nervous system that aid in the maintenance and function of neurons.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter involved in muscle action and memory.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stressful situations.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy and promotes restful functions.

Nociceptors

Pain receptors located in the peripheral nervous system that signal the sensation of pain.

Pain threshold

The lowest intensity at which a stimulus is perceived as painful.

Pain tolerance

The maximum amount of pain that an individual is willing to endure.

Endogenous opioids

Neuropeptides that inhibit pain transmission and are related to mood and pain modulation.

Cushing's Triad

A clinical syndrome characterized by hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration.

Herniation

The downward displacement of brain tissue due to increased intracranial pressure.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to brain damage, commonly known as a stroke.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A temporary episode of reduced blood flow to the brain, usually lasting less than 24 hours.

Embolic Stroke

Occurs when a blood clot forms elsewhere in the body and travels to a vessel in the brain.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Results from bleeding in or around the brain due to the rupture of a blood vessel.

Chronic Pain

Persistent pain that lasts longer than 3 months and does not respond well to standard therapy.