Cell Function and Photosynthesis

Chapter 7 and 8

Autotroph

organisms that make their own food using light energy from the sun

Heterotroph

organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things

Eukaryote

cells that have a nucleus and are large and complex

Prokaryote

cells without a nucleus

Nucleus

control center that houses DNA

Homeostasis

stable constant internal environment

Lysosome

clean-up crew, mainly in animal cells

Ribosome

protein-making factories

Golgi Apparatus

modifies, sorts, packages, and ships proteins

Rough ER

has ribosomes and makes proteins

Mitochondria

converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds

Vacuole

storage closet of the cell

Permeable

able to cross through

Impermeable

not able to cross through

Semipermeable

some able to pass through

Isotonic

same concentration inside and out

Hypertonic

higher concentration outside

Hypotonic

lower concentration outside

Active Transport

diffusion using energy

Passive Transport

diffusion without energy

Endocytosis

taking materials into the cell

Phagocytosis

engulfing (PAC-MAN)

Pinocytosis

pinch-pockets (vesicles)

Exocytosis

releasing materials

ATP

adenosine triphosphate, stores short-lived energy

ADP

adenosine diphosphate, waiting for more energy

Photosynthesis

process autotrophs use to capture sunlight energy to produce high-energy carbohydrates

Chloroplast

organelle where photosynthesis takes place

Chlorophyll A and B

absorbs red-orange and blue-violet

Cartenoid

absorbs blue

Thylakoid

stacked sacs of lumen and chlorophyll

Stroma

fluids in the chloroplast but outside the thylakoids

Stromatolites

sedimentary rock formations made from microorganisms

Granum

stack of thylakoids

Photosynthesis: Words

carbon dioxide + water + light → glucose + oxygen

Photosynthesis: Symbols

6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Label ATP

adenine, 5-carbon sugar (ribose), 3 phosphate groups

Label ADP

adenine, 5-carbon sugar (ribose), 2 phosphate groups

Label chloroplast (clockwise)

Outer membrane, stroma, thylakoid, granum, lamella, inner membrane, (inter-membrane space)

Label parts of Phospholipid

Phosphate hydrophilic head, lipid hydrophobic tail

Label

Water, Light, Oxygen, Thylakoid, NADPH, ATP, Carbon Dioxide, Sugars, Stroma, ADP, NADP+