BY 101 Unit 1

Cell

The smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity is what?

Atoms, Molecules, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Populations, Communities, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Know the correct ordering in the hierarchical levels of the organization of life from the least inclusive to the most inclusive

All populations of all species in a given area

Describe a community

Cell

At what level does Life Begin.

Community interacting with its environment

Describe ecosystem

Characteristics of a system that do not appear in any of its components

Describe emergent properties

Conversion of solar energy into chemical energy

Photosynthesis

Proteins

DNA codes for the production of what

Process of keeping conditions in a range that favors survival

Describe homeostasis

energy and raw materials

What do all living things require ongoing inputs of

sense and respond

What do all living things do for change

DNA

What do all living things pass to their off spring

Multi Celled eukaryotes, most of which are photosynthetic

Describe Kingdom plantae

roots, stems, and leaves

What do almost all of the things in the kingdom plantae have

atom

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element

number of protons in the nucleus

Atomic number

type of atom or element

what does the atomic number determine

differ in the number of neutrons

isotopes

total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an isotope

mass number

NaCl (sodium chloride)

describe the bond in table salt

doesnt share electrons equally

Polar bonds

share electrons equally

nonpolar bonds

combine two smaller molecules to form a bigger molecule and water

Condensation

breaks apart a bigger molecule and water to form 2 smaller molecules

Hydrolysis

\-COCH3

Acetyl

 -CHO

Aldehyde

\-C(O)N-

Amide

\-NH2

Amine

\-COOH

Carboxyl

\-OH

Hydroxyl

Monosaccharides

what type of sugars are fructose and glucose

six carbon sugars

what are Monosaccharides

the top most number

Where is the atomic number on an element on the periodic table

the letter(s) in the middle

where is the element symbol on an element on the periodic table

the bottom most number

where is the mass number on an element on the periodic table

2

How many electrons can the first energy level hold

8

How many electrons can the second energy level hold

8

How many electrons can the third energy level hold

atomic number

how can you tell how many electrons an element has

atoms with full outer shells don’t want to share electrons while atoms with a not full outer shell want to share so they can fill their shells

Compare and contrast how atoms with full electron outer shells act as opposed to atoms with empty spaces in their outer electron shell.

The unique amino acid sequence of a protein

Primary structure

A polypeptide chain folds and forms hydrogen bonds between amino acids

Secondary structure

A secondary structure is compacted into structurally stable units called domains

Tertiary structure

a functional protein

What does a Tertiary structure form

consist of two or more folded polypeptide chains in close association

Quaternary structure

hemoglobin

Quaternary structure example

They can break down food and improve the immune system

How do bacteria in the intestinal tract assist their host

every living organism consists of one or more cells

First part of cell theory

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life, individually alive even as a part of a multicellular organism

Second part of cell theory

multicellular organism

A cell is individually alive even as a part of a

All living things arise by division of preexisting cells

Third part of cell theory

Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to their offspring when they die

Fourth part of cell theory

Phospholipids

What component of membranes are the most abundant?

Transmission electron microscope

What microscope is best to view internal features of specimens

Single celled organisms without a nucleus

Describe prokaryotes

ribosomes

Where are proteins manufactured in cells

an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that package proteins into membrane-bound vesicles

Describe the Golgi body

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

List two organelles that are thought to be the descendants of ancient bacteria

Chloroplasts

What organelle is unique to organisms that harness solar energy to make sugar

Rough ER

What ER has ribosomes

ribosomes

What makes proteins

ancient aerobic bacteria

What do scientists hypothesize the mitochondria might have evolved from

sugar

chloroplast uses solar energy to make what

photosynthetic bacteria

what do scientist hypothesize chloroplast might have evolved from

chlorophyll

why does chloroplast appear green

1 or more

Living things consist of how many cells