• ARISTOTLE: Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath who laid the foundation for most modern sciences. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. He thought that people should observe nature and gain knowledge from their senses.

• SOCRATES: was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. Talked about happiness and virtue. 

• PLATO: one of the world's best-known and most widely read and studied philosophers. He was the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, and he wrote in the middle of the fourth century B.C.E. in ancient Greece.

• PHILIP II: Philip built an effective army, restored peace, and formed alliances with many Greek city-states and or conquered them. After defeating the united forces of Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea, he took control over all of Greece. Father of Alexander the Greats dad. HE RESTORED PEACE IN MACEDONIA AND CONQUERED ALL OF EGYPT AND SETS HIS MIND ON CONQUERING PERSIA.

• OLYMPIAS: Phillip II’s wife who outsmarted Phillip II’s other wives and children to put her son, Alexander the Great, on the throne.

• PTOLEMY: took command of Egypt. Cleopatra VII Philopater was the last Egyptian ruler descended from him. • PLATO’S “REPUBLIC”: a Socratic dialogue, authored by Plato around 375 BC, concerning justice, the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man. 

• THE LYCEUM: A school founded by Aristotle that had philosophical teaching and discourse, the Lyceum was used for military exercises, meetings of the Athenian assembly, and cult practice as well as athletic training.

• THE “SOCRATIC METHOD”: a dialogue between teacher and students, instigated by the continual probing questions of the teacher, in a concerted effort to explore the underlying beliefs that shape the student's views and opinions.

• THE “GOLDEN MEAN”: The golden mean is a concept put forward by Aristotle that asserts that virtuous moral behavior can be identified as a mean, or middle ground, between two extremes — one of excess and one of deficiency.

  • SOPHISTS: a paid teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greece, associated in popular thought with moral skepticism and specious reasoning. 

Remember that many opinion men became followers of this ideal because to these people success was more important than moral truth, the chaos of the Peloponnesian War led many young Athenian men to follow the ___ ideal.

• HELLENISM: devotion to or imitation of ancient Greek thought, customs, or styles. Ancient Greek philosophy corresponding to the Hellenistic period in Ancient Greece

Heliocentric: Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe.

3. WHAT WAS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE LIBRARY AT ALEXANDRIA? It was the single greatest accumulation of human knowledge in history, likely established under Ptolemy II. Also to show off the wealth of Egypt, with research as a lesser goal, but its contents were used to aid the ruler of Egypt. 

4. WHY WAS ALEXANDRIA SUCH AN IMPORTANT CITY IN THe ANCIENT WORLD?

Alexandria was a flourishing city and was located between the sea lanes of Europe and Asia. The Pharos lighthouse was located here and was more than 350 feet all. Had the greatest library of Ancient world that had a collection of 200,000 scrolls. Unfortunately the library burn down loosing all the knowledge in that library/