NCLEX_Questions resp + electrolytes

NCLEX-Style Questions Review

Common Bacterial Causes of Pneumonia

• Question 1: Most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

  • Answer: C. Streptococcus pneumoniae

Tuberculosis Treatment Education

• Question 2: Patient statement needing further teaching about TB treatment?

  • Answer: B. 'I can stop taking my medications once I feel better.'

  • Rationale: Abruptly stopping TB medications can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure.

Chronic Bronchitis Characteristics

• Question 3: Key characteristic of chronic bronchitis in COPD?

  • Answer: B. Hypersecretion of mucus and chronic productive cough.

  • Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is defined by these symptoms for at least three months over two consecutive years.

Severe Asthma Management

• Question 4: First medication to administer for a patient with severe asthma?

  • Answer: B. Albuterol inhaler.

  • Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist used as the first-line treatment in acute asthma attacks.

Respiratory Acidosis and COPD

• Question 5: ABG values indicating respiratory acidosis in COPD exacerbation?

  • Answer: B. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃ 26.

  • Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by CO₂ retention (PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg), leading to a decreased pH.

Risk Factors for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

• Question 6: Patient most at risk for developing hospital-acquired pneumonia?

  • Answer: B. A 45-year-old on prolonged mechanical ventilation.

  • Rationale: Mechanical ventilation significantly increases the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Hypoparathyroidism and Electrolyte Imbalance

• Question 7: Most common electrolyte imbalance associated with hypoparathyroidism?

  • Answer: C. Hypocalcemia.

  • Rationale: Hypoparathyroidism results in decreased calcium levels due to reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion.

SIADH Management

• Question 8: Priority nursing intervention for a patient with SIADH?

  • Answer: B. Administer IV hypertonic saline.

  • Rationale: SIADH causes hyponatremia due to water retention; hypertonic saline may be needed in severe cases to correct sodium levels.

Repeated Questions and Variations

• Questions 9-100: Various repetitions of questions highlighting the following core themes:

  • Hypoparathyroidism consistently linked to hypocalcemia.

  • Repeated emphasis on the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia as Streptococcus pneumoniae.

  • Consistent management strategies for severe asthma and clear identification of therapeutic medications to prioritize based on patient status.

Summary Insights

• The most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

• Key characteristics of chronic bronchitis include hypersecretion of mucus.

• Always prioritize swift intervention in acute asthma and understand the implications of medication adherence in TB treatment.