mitosis

mitosis quiz/test

What is mitosis?

The making of somatic (body) cells

What is an example of when Mitosis occurs?

during growth, tissue repair, and renewal of cells

T or F can mitosis also create new individual via asexual reproduction as in amoebas?

true

What are the phases of Inter phase?

G1, S, and G2

What happens during the G1 phase?

cell growth

What happens during the S phase?

DNA copies

What happens during the G2 phase

organelles are made

How long does Inter phase last for?

22 hours

How long does M phase last for?

2 hours

What does P. M. A. T. stand for?

Pro phase, Meta phase, Ana phase, and Telo phase

What happens during Pro phase?

chromosomes appear, spindle fibers form from the centrioles, and the nuclear membrane breaks down

What happens during Meta phase?

chromosomes line up in the middle and spindle fibers attach to the chormosomes

What happens during Ana phase?

spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite poles

What happens during Telo phase

sister chromatids are at the poles, DNA uncoils, and the nuclear membrane reforms

What is Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm

What forms in prophase to help with the movement of chromosomes?

spindle fibers

What phase of the cell cycle do centromeres divide and the chromosome move toward their respective poles?

Ana phase

What phase does chromatin condense to from chromosomes?

Pro phase

What is the name of the structure that connects the two sister chromatids?

the centromere

What forms across the center of a plant cell near the end of cell division?

cell plate

Which phase of mitosis is the last phase the chromatids are together?

metaphase

What is a daughter cell?

a cell that is produced as a result of cell division

What is a Diploid?

two copies

What is a Haploid?

one copy

How many chromosomes are in a human?

46

What is the G0 phase?

the resting phase

What is the orange part called?

the centromere

What is top and bottom part called?

telomere

What do regulator proteins do?

regulate the timing of the cell cycle

What are the two types of regulator proteins?

internal and external

What is the most common example of an internal regulator protein and what internal regulator proteins do

cyclins and responds to events inside of the cell

What is the most common example of an external regulator protein and what external regulator proteins do

growth factors and respond to events outside of the cell

Whats oncology?

the study of cancer

What’s an oncologist

doctor that treats cancer paients

How many stages does cancer have

4

The higher stage number in cancer the more it has what?

spread

Whats a biopsy?

a sample of tissue taken to test

Whats remission?

no signs or symptoms of cancer

What are the two results activation of p53 can have?

1- halts cell cycle until repair is completed or 2- launches cell into apoptosis

What does apoptosis mean?

cell death

What are the four ways to treat cancer?

surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy

What are the two most common drugs used on cancer?

taxol and vinblastine

What does taxol do?

freezes spindle fibers

What does vinblastine do?

prevents spindle fibers from forming

What is Cancer?

cells that have an uncontrolled growth rate

What is a tumor?

mass of cells due to uncontrolled division

What are the two types of cancer tumors?

benigh and malignant

Which type of cancer tumor is usually harmless?

benigh

Which type of cancer tumor is disorganized?

malignant

What is Angiogenesis?

formation of blood vessels

What does metastasize mean?

break away

What is a carcinogen?

a cancer causing agent

What is contact inhibition?

growth returns to normal once in contact with each other

What cells does Meiosis produce?

gametes (sex) cells

What is the female sex cell?

the egg

What is the female sex organ?

ovaries

What do fallopian tubes do?

connect the ovaries to the uterus

How long into pregnancy is a zygote?

1 week

How long into pregnancy is a blastocyst?

2 weeks

How long into pregnancy is a embryo?

3 to 8 weeks

How long into pregnancy is a fetus?

9 weeks and on

What is puberty?

the beginning of production of sex cells

What are primary oocytes?

the supply of eggs at birth

What are secondary oocytes?

mature eggs that can be fertilized

How many average primary oocytes are females born with?

1 million

How many average secondary oocytes are females born with?

400-500

What is gametogenesis?

formation of gametes

What part of cell division does not happen twice in females during meiosis

Interphase

How many sperm are made per day for ages UNDER 50 after puberty?

290 million

How many sperm are made per day for ages OVER 50?

130 million

Whats spermatogenesis?

formation of sperm

Whats the male sex cells?

sperm

Whats the male sex organ?

testies

Whats the epididymis?

where sperm is stored

What are the vas deferens?

a long tube that connects the epididymis to the urethra

Which scientist discovered sperm?

leeuwenhoek

What does sperm prefer to use over glucose?

fructose

Whats a name for virgin birth?

parthenogenesis

What is oogenesis?

formation of eggs

What is the name, age and roommates name of the snake that gave virgin birth?

Thelma, 11 years old, Louise