Clinical Psychology chapter 14

what are the behavioral approaches ?

are based on learning theories which includes
-classical conditioning
-operant conditioning
-observation learning

Classical conditioning

Pavlov

Spent (operant) Condition

Skinner

Observable learning (modeling)

Bandura

Joseph Wolpe

described use of systematic desensitization to treat phobias.

-behavior modification therapy
-system desensitization

system desensitization

-is a technique used to reduce anxiety
-begins with collecting a history of a persons problem
-next 2 phases: training,relaxation, and the establishment of anxiety hierarchy

Albert Bandura

social learning contribution to the modification of behavior are

Exposure therapy

-individuals expose themselves to those stimuli or situation that were previously feared and avoided
-it is effective in certain phobias, panic disorders, ptsd, ocd
-refined version of previous used technique fooding and imposing

Behavior Rehearsal

-expands a persons copying behavior

assertivness training

-one application of behavior rehersal
-used with shy person
-combats passivity, shyness, and similar behavioral pattern
-treats sexual problems, depression, marital conflict

Contingency Management

-variety of operant techniques
-Common goal is to control behavior by manipulating its consequences

Shaping (form of contingency management)

-succesive approximation
-developed by rewarding any behavior the approximates it,gradually through selective reinforcement of behavior, the final behavior is shaped

Time-out(form of contingency management)

Undesirable behavior is extinguished by removing the person temporarily from a situation in which the behavior is reinforced

Contingency Contracting(form of contingency management)

A form of agreement of contract is made between the therapist and patient specifying the consequences of a certain behavior

Token Economy

-effective in changing the behavior of institutionalized population such as mentally retarded or chronic mental illness
-clear and careful specifications of the desirable behavior that will be reinforced
-clearly defined reinforces must be chosen

Aversion therapy

the idea that when a response is followed by a negative consequence, its strength will diminish

Aversive Agents

-mainly used electrical stimulation and drugs

Covert Sensitization

this technique relies on imaginary rather than actual use of punishment, drugs, or stimulation

Cognitive behavioral therapy

seeks to modify or change patterns of things that are believed to contribute to a persons problem

Social Learning Theory

People choose to behave in the way they do because the behavior chosen is expected to lead to a goal or outcome of same value
Can learn by watching another person perform a behavior and receive a reinforcement or punishment for said behavior

Modeling

-bandura
-observable learning as a mean of altering behavior, patterns particularly in Children