Cell and Molecular Biology: Gland Histology Terms & Definitions

Which gland structure contains secretory units and ducts?

Parenchyma

Which gland structure contains connective tissue?

Stroma

Glandular secretions are manufactured _____cellularly by ___________ synthesis

Intra; macromolecular

Glandular secretions are stored in _____ called secretory granules

Vesicles

Examples of secretory products

Polypeptide Hormone, Waxy Substance, Mucinogen, and Milk

Which glands secrete their products via ducts?

Exocrine

Which glands are ductless and secrete their products directly into blood or lymphatic vessels?

Endocrine

What are signaling molecules that function in cell-to-cell communication by acting on specific target cells via receptors?

Cytokines

What is a secretory cell that acts on itself?

Autocrine

What is a secretory cell that acts on cells in the vicinity?

Paracrine

What is a secretory cell that acts on distant cells via the vascular system?

Endocrine

What is type of pathway features continuous release of secretory products without storage or signaling molecules?

Constitutive

What type of pathway features concentration and storage of secretory molecules which are only released after the appropriate signal is received?

Regulated

Which glands secrete mucinogen and glycosylated proteins?

Mucous

Which glands secretions become a thick viscous lubricant called mucin?

Mucous

What are examples of mucous glands?

Goblet cells and minor salivary glands

Which glands secrete enzyme rich watery fluid?

Serous

What is an example of a serous gland?

Pancreas

Which glands secrete mucous and serous?

Mixed

What are examples of mixed glands?

Sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

Which secretion is a release of the whole cell via disintegrating the cell and its contents?

Holocrine

Which secretion uses exocytosis?

Merocrine

Which secretion pinches off a portion of the cell?

Apocrine

What type of secretion do sebaceous glands exhibit?

Holocrine

What type of secretion do parotid glands exhibit?

Merocrine

What type of secretion do mammary glands exhibit?

Apocrine

What is the simplest gland?

Unicellular exocrine

What is the gland that is isolated in the epithelium and dispersed in digestive and respiratory epithelium?

Unicellular exocrine

What is the gland that protects the epithelial lining?

Unicellular exocrine

Goblet cells are an example of what glands?

Unicellular exocrine

Chemical irritation and parasympathetic stimulation cause exocytosis of which type of gland?

Unicellular exocrine

What are clusters of epithelial cells with secretory units surrounded by a connective tissue capsule?

Multicellular exocrine

What divides glands into small compartments (Lobes into Lobules)?

Septae

what are pear-shaped glands with a wider base and little inner free space?

Acinar

What is an example of a simple tubular gland?

Uterus

What type of glands are sweat glands?

Simple coiled tubular

What glands discharge a waxy substance that coats hair shafts and skin?

Sebaceous glands

What is another name for myoepithelial cells?

Basket cells

What type of cell shares basal lamina of the acinar cells?

Myoepithelial

What cells envelop secretory cells and intercalated ducts?

Myoepithelial

Myoepithelial cell processes are rich in _____ and _____

Actin; Myosin

As myoepithelial cells contract, they press the _____ which _____ secretory products into ducts

Acinus; Releases

Cuboidal epithelium form _____ ducts

Intercalated

Several intercalated ducts join together to form _____ ducts

Intralobular/Striated

Which ducts are characterized by radial striations from the base to the nucleus

Intralobular/Striated

Basal plasma membrane with numerous elongated mitochondria are found in _____ ducts

Intralobular/Striated

Which ducts are seen in ion transporting cells?

Intralobular/Striated

Which ducts are characterized by a shift from stratified cuboidal epithelium to stratified columnar epithelium?

Interlobular Excretory

Which duct empties into the oral cavity?

Interlobular Main

The _____ duct is characterized by stratified squamous epithelium

Interlobular Main

What are the 7 examples of ductless endocrine glands?

Adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries, placenta, testes

What are the 5 hormones secreted by ductless endocrine glands?

Peptide, proteins, steroids, amino acids, glycoproteins

What 3 glands are both exocrine and endocrine?

Pancreas, ovary, testes

The pituitary gland uses ACTH to act on what?

Adrenal Cortex

The pituitary gland uses TSH to act on what?

Thyroid

The pituitary gland uses FSH to act on the _____ and the _____

Testes, Ovaries

The pituitary gland uses LH to act on the _____ and the _____

Testes, Ovaries

The pituitary gland uses prolactin to act on what?

Mammary Glands

The pituitary gland uses growth hormone to act on _____, _____, and _____

Fat, Muscle, Bone

The pituitary gland uses oxytocin to act one the _____ and the _____

Uterus, Mammary Glands

The pituitary gland uses ADH to act on what?

Kidneys

What stores its secretory substances in the lumina of follicles?

Thyroid

Each thyroid follicle can store several weeks' supply of hormone within what?

Colloid

What cleaves thyroid hormones?

Lysosomal proteases

Hormone-bound thyroglobulin is _____ by the follicular cells

Endocytosed

In which glands are hormones are stored intracellularly and released upon proper signaling molecule or neural impulse?

Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands

What are the endocrine components of the pancreas?

Islets of Langerhans

Islets of Langerhans are scattered among the exocrine secretory what?

Acini

Islets of Langerhans contain alpha cells that secrete what?

Glucagon

Islets of Langerhans contain beta cells that secrete what?

Insulin

The exocrine pancreas is composed of what?

Acini