Chapter 10: Internationalization and Indigenization of Psychology After World War II

intellectual geography of center and periphery

states that before world war 2, several centers of psychology existed that provided a distinct character to the psychology produced there, but a shift took place after the war, in which resources available in the U.S. to train psychologists and find research outstripped those available elsewhere, thus making the U.S. the primary center for postwar psychology

keyword

when a word or phrase in any field becomes normative and passes out of conscious reflection and critical examination examination

polycentric history (of psychology)

the revision of psychology on bases different than the American norm

U.S. European Recovery (Marshall) Plan

a “fair deal” between the U.S. and other countries, in which they would send aid and expertise to countries to help them develop.

Yujiro Motora (1858-1912) and Matataro Matsumoto (1865-1943)

key figure in expanding the field of psychology in Japan

Jamuna Prasad

explained the power of rumors as occurring on four dimensions: anxiety, cognitive uncertainty, search for cultural meaning, and of group identity or affiliation.

Bame Nsamenang (1951)

suggested that it was the exclusionary practices of Western psychologies to keep out the worldviews of Africans that stymied the growth of psychology there

South African Psychological Association (SAPA)

the regulatory body for psychologists and facilitated expansion of psychology into the private practice arena.

Psychological Institute of the Republic of South Africa (PIRSA)

the all-White Association formed after SAPA, which was all-white. admitted a black member

third world

the majority world (those who were oppressed due to first world colonialism, and the effects of manufacturing capitalism), developing nations, a third way between capitalism and communism, and nations’ struggles for self-definition in and post-colonial world

modernization theory

the underlying view was that any end the world would be homogenized

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM; 1961)

developed from the Bandung conference held in Indonesia, and was part of the effort to establish and identity separate from that given by the imperial powers

Durganand Sinha (1922–1998)

characterized Indian psychology as emerging from dual processes: indigenization from within and indigenization from without; argued that Indian meaningfulness is an inextricably linked to relationships with others, and that the goal of life is to find harmony with both nature and society. for psychology to have relevance in India, it must take into account this fundamental fact

Alfredo Lagmay (1919-2005) and Virgilio Enriquez (1942-1994)

developers of sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology)

liberation psychology

related to the articulation of liberation theology by members of the Roman Catholic Church, specifically in South and Central America

Ignacio Martín-Baró (1942-1989)

an advocate for psychology that developed perspective of everyday people that would serve their needs, rather than a psychology developed in laboratories or middle-class private therapy offices

Conscientization

an approach developed by Paolo Freire (1921-1997) meant to engage poor citizens through teaching them to read so that they recognize themselves as fully human, understand themselves as historical beings, are able to think for themselves.

Frantz Fanon (1925-1961)

argued for a psychology grounded in changing consciousness to help oppressed people challenge and change oppressive social structures