Mass and Momentum Concepts

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to mass, momentum, work, energy, and collisions as discussed in the lecture.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

A net external force is needed for an object to accelerate.

Work

The transfer of energy by a force acting on an object as it is displaced.

SI Unit of Work

Joule (J), equivalent to newton-meter (N·m) or (kg m²/s²).

Kinetic Energy (KE)

The energy of an object in motion, calculated using the equation KE = 1/2 mv².

Potential Energy (PE)

The energy possessed by an object due to its position, particularly gravitational potential energy.

Total Mechanical Energy (TME)

The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of a system.

Momentum (p)

The quantity of motion of a moving body, calculated as the product of mass and velocity (p = mv).

Conservation of Momentum

In an enclosed system, the total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

Elastic Collision

A collision where total kinetic energy is conserved and both momentum and kinetic energy are balanced.

Inelastic Collision

A collision where total kinetic energy is not conserved, resulting in some of the kinetic energy being transformed into other forms of energy.