Structure internal to cell wall

plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane

thin semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell

plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane

composed of a lipid bilayer

phospholipids

major components of the lipid bilayer, forming a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior

selective permeability, cellular communication, maintaining cellular integrity, transport

function of plasma:

selective permeability

controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell, allowing some molecules to enter or exit while preventing others from doing so.

cellular communication

membrane proteins are involved in cell signaling and communication

maintaining cellular integrity

helps maintain the cells shape and protects the cell from its external environment

transports

it facilitates the — of ions, nutrients, and other molecules into and out of the cell

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis, endocytosis and exocytosis

movement across the membrane (plasma):

simple diffusion

movement of molecule from an area of high to low concentration

facilitated diffusion

some molecules particularly polar or charged ones, require transport proteins to assist their passage through the membrane

simple diffusion

small non polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer

facilitated diffusion

high to low concentration with transport protein

active transport

use of energy (ATP) with the help of transport protein

osmosis

movement of water of a semipermeable membrane from high to low cellular acetate

endocytosis

cellular acetate

exocytosis

cellular export

cytoplasm

gel like substance that fills the interior of bacterial cell

cytoplasm

houses various cellular structures and molecules, including the nucleoid, ribosomes, enzymes, and metabolic intermediates

nucleoid

region within the cytoplasm where the bacterial chromosome is located

bacterial dna

usually organized into a single, circular chromosome, and it is not enclosed within a membrane bound nucleus

ribosomal RNA and protein subunits

ribosomes are composed of:

cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes are found in —- in some bacteria

plasmids

small, circular pieces of extrachromosomal DNA that can be present in bacterial cell

plasmids

often carry genes that provide additional functions, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize specific compounds (can be transferred from one bacterium to another)

inclusions

storage structures of bacterial cell

inclusions

bacterial cells can contain —-, which are storage stuctures for reserve material

endospores

some bacteria like certain species of bacillus and clostridium, can produce —-

endospores

highly resistant, dormant structures that can withstand extreme environmental conditions

endosopores

typically located within the cytoplasm and are encased in a protective coat

sporulation (sporogenesis)

process by which certain bacterial species, pasticularly from posotive bacteria like bacillus and clostridium from endospores

germination

reverse process of sporulation

germination

process by which an endospore transforms back in a vegetative bacterial cell when environmental conditions became favorable again

thermophilic

allows bacterial cell to resume growth and metabolic activity

thermophilic

thrive in high temp. environment