basal ganglia

Basal ganglia purpose

movement modulations, cognition, emotion

Information from the basal ganglia always has to go through the

upper motor neuron

The basal ganglia determines movement ____

initiation, start, end

Sensory information has to go through the _ before reaching the basal ganglia

thalamus

Sensory information goes from the thalamus to the basal ganglia through the _ nucleus

ventral anterior

Basal ganglia is made of _ matter

grey

Movement deficiencies, diminished motor activity

hypokinetic

Hypokinetic symptoms

rigidity, bradykinesia, akinesia

Slow movements, including speech

bradykinesia

Difficulty starting movement

akinesia

Unwanted movements

hyperkinesia

Hyperkinesia symptoms

tics, tremors, hyperactivity, chorea

Non-purposeful rapid irregular movements that read

Caused by decreased cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta

parkinson's disease

Parkinson;s disease is ____-kinetic

hypo

Pain parkins symptom

difficulty initiating movement

Caused by loss of neurons in the striatum/loss of both indirect and direct pathways

Huntington's disease

Disease caused by superfluous movements no longer inhibited by the indirect pathway

huntington’s disease

Caused by loss of target-oriented movements facilitated by the direct pathway

huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease is ____-kinetic

hyper

Caused by loss of neurons in the subthalamic nuclei

ballism

Ballism is caused by the loss of the pathway

indirect

Ballism is _-kinetic

hyper

Main symptom of ____ is uncontrolled movements of the proximal extremities

ballism