GIT 5: monogastic stomach and abomasum

What causes diaphragmatic hernias

Traumatic or developmental defect which allows abdominal contents to pass into the thoracic cavity

GDV

Gastric dilation/volvulus

GDV is most common in

large, deep chested dogs following a large meal

How does GDV happen

Dilation of the stomach, the twists which occludes the oesophagus, gastric and splenic veins

GDV causes congesiton and infarction of what

stomach and spleen

Death from GDV occurs from

ischemia, shock, electrolyte abnormalities and cardiac arrythmias

Abomasal displacement and/or volvulus in cattle is most common after what event?

calving (more room)

Abomasal displacement and/or volvulus in cattle

is LDA or RDA more common?

LDA (left displaced abomasum)

Abomasal displacement and/or volvulus in cattle

is LDA or RDA more lieklt to lead to volvulus?

RDA

Abomasal displacement and/or volvulus in cattle leads to

Indigestion, electrolyte andacid base imbalances as secretions pool in abomasum

Abomasal displacement and/or volvulus in cattle Treatment

rolling or surgery, some spontaneously resolve

Common Clinpath findings in abomasal displacement and/or volvulus in cattle

haemoconconcentration, mild decrease in serum Na and K with marked decrease in Cl due to loss of acid into the lumen of abomasum and metabolic alkalosis

Dilation of the stomach/abomasum in horses - cause

Over feeding or excess carbohydrate causes food/gas/fluid to expand the stomach

Dilation of the stomach/abomasum in horses - sequale

laminitis from excess carbs and gastric rupture along the greater curvature

Dilation of the stomach/abomasum in calves and lambs is most common in

Bottle fed animals which have large amounts of warm milk in one sitting

Dilation of the stomach/abomasum in calves and lambs - disease progression

Causes proliferation of bacteria which ferment milk causing gas proliferation and changing the pH

Active hyperaemia can be....

physiological after ingestion of food or pathological as part of acute gastritis

Bleeding in the stomach (gastrorrhagia) can occur with what thigns

Gastric ulceration, uraemia in dogs, Haemonchus, trauma, coagulopathies

Odema of the stomach wall in pigs is due to

Odema disease caused by E.coli

Infarction of the stomach in pigs is assosciated with

Enterotoxemia/septicemia

Infarction of the stomach in pigs presents as

large, dark red-black areas

Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) or abomasum (abomasitis)

Causes include

Acute enteric infections

Irritant or caustic poisons

Fusobacterium necrophorum infection

What is Braxy

sporadic abomasitis in lambs and calves caused by clostridium septicum

Normal protective mechanisms that protect the stomach / abomasum

bicarbonate mucous layer

Prostaglandins stimulate bicarbonate, mucous section and blood flow

What can causes ulceration in the stoamch

NSAIDs, stress and anything that alters the blood flow

Main clinical signs of stomach/abomasal ulcers

melena and haematemesis

Stomach/ abomasum ulceration in cattle

common causes are stress, irritation by roughage in calves, atony of abomasum in older cows and lymphoma

Stomach/ abomasum ulceration in growing pigs

finely ground ration cause ulcers on the pars oesophagea

Stomach/ abomasum ulceration in older pigs

Hyostrongylus rubidus cause ulceration and can cause fatal haemorrhage

Stomach/ abomasum ulceration in young horses

ulcers in the margo plicates are common. Causes include NSAIDs, which also effect the right dorsal colon

Stomach/ abomasum ulceration in dogs

not common, can be a sequalae or uraemia

Stomach/ abomasum ulceration in cats

aspirin poisoning (inhibits prostaglandin synthesis)