cell and organelles

Nucleus

Contains the cell’s DNA, and coordinates cell activities such as protein synthesis & reproduction

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Has ribosomes attached to the structure. Functions to synthesize and store proteins.

Cytoskeleton

Maintain cell shape & movement.

Microtubules

Composed of tubulin. Support cell & mobility for cell activities

Centrioles

Development of spindle fibers for cell division

Cilia

Short hair like extensions from cell for movement

Flagella

Thread

Intermediate filaments

Maintain cell shape

Microfilaments

Composed of actin. Used for cell motility

Extracellular Matrix

Function to provide mechanical support & helps bind adjacent cells (most abundant = collagen)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Functions to synthesize lipids and steroid hormones for export

Nucleolus

Site of ribosome (rRNA) synthesis

Cell Wall

Provide support

Plastids

Variety of organelles serving various metabolic activities such as chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

The fluid

Golgi

Modifies and packages proteins (i.e., glycosylate polypeptides)

Lysosomes

Made by Golgi. Functions in apoptosis, and break down of nutrients, bacteria, & cell debris

Mitochondria

Double layered, makes ATP, site of fatty acid catabolism. Has own circular DNA and ribosomes

Peroxisomes

Common in the liver & kidney that function to breakdown substances

Vacuoles

Vesicles inside cell that move materials & are membrane bound

Ribosomes

Made of rRNA; makes proteins

Prokaryotes

No nucleus; single, circular, naked, double

Phospholipid Membrane

Allows small, uncharged, hydrophobic molecules to freely pass the membrane

Cholesterol

Regulates fluidity of cell membrane

Passive Transport

No ATP; includes diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Active Transport

Uses ATP; against gradient

Channel Proteins

Passage for hydrophilic, polar, and charged substances

Carrier Proteins

Changes shape after binding molecule

Endocytosis

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor

Anchoring Junction

Includes desmosomes; connects cells together

Tight Junction

Prevents passage of materials between cells

Gap Junction

Allows passage of ions and small molecules