Protein Synthesis Flashcards

Flashcards about Protein Synthesis.

Genes

Factors responsible for the patterns of inheritance that direct the production of proteins.

Phenotypic Traits

The visible characteristics but also enzymes, hormones, and antibodies of organisms.

Alkaptonuria

An illness that is due to a defective enzyme which caused an “inborn error of metabolism”.

One Gene – One Enzyme Hypothesis

Compared hemoglobin in red blood cells of persons with sickle-cell disease and normal individuals and discovered that the chemical properties of a protein chain of sickle-cell hemoglobin differed from that of normal hemoglobin.

One Gene – One Polypeptide

The hypothesis of “one gene – one enzyme” was then changed to “one gene – one polypeptide” since hemoglobin has 4° structure.

Codon

Three RNA bases that code for one amino acid.

Transcription

(Step): A sequence of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Translation

tRNA combines with complementary mRNA in the ribosomal complex and drops off amino acids.

Promoter Region

Region such as the TATA box, where RNA polymerase binds to DNA.

Template Strand

The single DNA strand that is used by polymerase to builds a single-strand of mRNA.

Introns

Non-coding sequences in eukaryote DNA that are edited out of the transcript.

Exons

Sequences in eukaryote DNA that are spliced together after introns are removed from the transcript.

Anti-codon

Three unpaired bases on tRNA molecules that are complementary to one of the codons.

Alternative splicing

The exons in an mRNA transcript can be combined in multiple different orders to create different proteins.

Ubiquitin

Molecules that tag proteins and mark them for degradation.