Organizational Behavior 1-15 practice quizzes

Literally all the flashcards

According to the force field analysis model, stability occurs when the driving forces and restraining forces are of approximately equal strength in opposite directions.

True

False

True

If change agents view resistance as relationship conflict, resistance to change will most likely be strengthened.

True

False

True

The not-invented-here syndrome states that employees deliberately inflate problems with changes that they did not initiate.

True

False

True

Using the action research model requires that employees provide personal information and emotions that they may not want to divulge.

True

False

True

________ is a form of conflict, but change agents sometimes interpret that disagreement as relationship conflict.

The status quo

The MARS model
Not invented here syndrome

incongruent team dynamics

incongruent organizational structures

fear of the unknown

Because of________, employees tend to assume the worst when they are unsure whether the change will have good or bad outcomes.

coercion

employee involvement

learning

stress management

negotiation

learning

Information systems are important in the change process because they

act as a conduit for feedback

generally raise stress levels

create fear of the unknown

contradict the reward system

increase the risk of coercive tactics

act as a conduit for feedback

________ leaders are agents of change because they develop a vision of the desired future state, communicate that vision in ways that are meaningful to others, and act in ways that are consistent with that vision.

Operational

Transformational

Servant

Collaborative

Transactional

Transformational

There is some evidence that________ may be the most important factor in the success of organizational change initiatives.

Guiding coalitions

Social networks

Pilot projects

Coercion

Transformational leadership

Guiding coalitions

To improve work–life integration through “boundary setting,” some companies prohibit work-related communication after the regular workday.

True

False

True

Presenteeism occurs when employees show up for work when ill or occupied by personal problems.

True
False

True

Organizational efficiency is considered the ultimate dependent variable in the study of organizational behavior.

True

False

False

Which of these statements is true about the field of organizational behavior?

It examines how employees and organizations interact with the external environment.

OB researchers systematically study various topics at one level of analysis rather than at multiple levels.

Information technology has almost no effect on organizational behavior.

The field of organizational behavior relies exclusively on ideas generated within the field by organizational behavior scholars.

The origins of organizational behavior are traced mainly to the field of economics.

It examines how employees and organizations interact with the external environment.

In order for something to be called an organization,

it must have a building.

it must have equipment.

it must consist of people who work interdependently.

it must have government documentation.

it must make a product.

it must consist of people who work interdependently.

Organizational behavior helps you to adopt better personal theories so you can more effectively

state personal beliefs about the work environment.

comprehend, predict, and influence organizational events.

increase anxiety in the workplace.

incite curiosity about the organization.

focus on efficiency rather than effectiveness

comprehend, predict, and influence organizational events.

People who are self-motivated, organized, and can work effectively with technology are better suited for

globalization.

telecommuting.

organizational behavior.

organizational development.

flexible scheduling.

telecommuting

The best leadership style, the best conflict-handling style, and the best organizational structure are all examples of

anchors.

research topics.

contingencies.

disciplines.

management styles.

contingencies

The topic of corporate social responsibility is most closely associated with the________ perspective.

stakeholder

systems

human capital

open systems anchor

contingency

stakeholder

According to the open systems perspective, effective organizations do all of the following except

adapt to the environment.

influence the environment.

move to a more favorable environment.

view subsystems as independent of each other.

have efficient transformation processes.

view subsystems as independent of each other.

Personality traits are more evident in situations where an individual’s behavior is subject to social norms and reward systems.

True

False

False

The dark triad is associated with bullying and other forms of workplace aggression.

True

False

True

People with high power distance are more likely to resolve problems through informal discussions.

True

False

False

The “Big Five” personality factors represent

all of the personality traits found in an ideal job applicant.

the clusters representing most personality traits.

the personality traits caused by the environment rather than heredity.

the necessary conditions for a person to have extraversion.

the characteristics of employees with low levels of motivation.

the clusters representing most personality traits.

People with high agreeableness are motivated to be

dependable and open.

empathic and dependable.

cooperative and sensitive.

upbeat and flexible.

extroverted and emotional.

cooperative and sensitive.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is not recommended for

individual therapy.

personal development.

developing artificial intelligence.

hiring or promotion decisions.

career counseling.

According to Jung, people who are sensing tend to focus on

being curious.

being flexible.

emotional responses.

future possibilities.

the here and now.

the here and now.

People who have high moral sensitivity

can more quickly and accurately estimate the moral intensity of the issue.

tend to have lower levels of empathy.

are always more ethical than people with a moderate or low level of moral sensitivity.

are individualistic and achievement oriented.

cannot estimate the moral intensity of an issue.

can more quickly and accurately estimate the moral intensity of the issue.

Why do Americans vary in their values and personalities across regions?

The physical environment has a massive effect on individual traits and values.

National institutions have a greater influence on personal values.

Regional institutions have a greater influence on socialization practices and resulting personal values.

The number of rules and social controls (cultural tightness) within each state explains similarities in personality and values across the country.

Americans do not vary in their values across regions.

Regional institutions have a greater influence on socialization practices and resulting personal values.

People with high collectivism

accept unequal distribution of power.

also have low individualism.

value harmonious relationships in the groups to which they belong.

value thrift, savings, and persistence.

appreciate the unique qualities that distinguish themselves from others.

value harmonious relationships in the groups to which they belong.

Emotional markers help us store information in memory.

True

False

True

People who believe that their successful completion of a project is due to their skill and hard work are making an internal attribution.

True

False

True

Diversity awareness training can improve cultural sensitivity when the program judges the attendee’s culture.

True

False

False

Self-concept can be described by three characteristics:

self, enhancement, and evaluation.

complexity, consistency, and clarity.

evaluation, verification, and complexity.

self, consistency, and clarity.

stability, clarity, and ambiguity.

complexity, consistency, and clarity.

According to social identity theory, people tend to

receive information and make sense of the world around them.

perceive that their own actions are due to the situation, whereas the behaviors of other people are mainly due to their motivation and ability.

define themselves by groups to which they have a strong emotional attachment.

think that they are distinct from people in the social groups to which they have a connection.

refer to something about themselves as separate individuals.

define themselves by groups to which they have a strong emotional attachment.

Which of the following illustrates the first step in the self-fulfilling prophecy?

An employee behaves in a way consistent with the supervisor's expectations.

A supervisor treats the employee in a manner consistent with the supervisor's expectations.

A supervisor forms certain expectations of the employee.

A supervisor attributes employee's good performance to external causes.

An employee demonstrates their true abilities to the supervisor.

A supervisor forms certain expectations of the employee.

The recency effect is most common when

making an evaluation involving complex information.

the decision maker has considerable experience in that situation.

the decision maker believes most employees are above average.

evaluating someone who is easily identified with a visible demographic group.

the decision maker has a strong learning orientation.

making an evaluation involving complex information.

Unintentional discrimination occurs when decision makers rely on________ to establish notions of the “ideal” person.

stereotypes

empathy

homogenization

differentiation

categorization

stereotypes

Each of the four Johari windows is based on

whether your own values, beliefs, and experiences are known to you and to others.

the extent to which others agree with your values and beliefs.

how consistent your values are with cultural values.

the extent to which you stereotype others.

the self-fulfilling prophecy.

whether your own values, beliefs, and experiences are known to you and to others.

Which of the following statements about individuals who have developed a global mindset is correct?

Practically speaking, a global mindset is of little value to organizations.

A global mindset begins with awareness of the concept.

A global mindset is fully developed through diversity training.

A global mindset is strongest when cultural immersion is low.

A global mindset does not require empathy.

A global mindset begins with awareness of the concept.

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect model states that some employees respond to their job dissatisfaction by patiently waiting for the problem to work itself out or get resolved by others.

True

False

True

Many employees experience stress due to organizational constraints such as a lack of equipment or budget funding.

True

False

True

Personality is an important reason why people experience different levels of stress when faced with the same stressor.

True

False

True

Vacations and holidays allow employees to withdraw from various organizational stressors and reenergize for future challenges.

True

False

True

Which of the following statements is true of emotions in the workplace?

Emotions are physiological actions rather than behavioral actions.

Emotions last for a longer time period than moods.

Emotions are directed toward someone or something.

Emotions are also referred to as moods of individuals.

Emotions and moods are directed toward specific attitudes of others.

Emotions are directed toward someone or something.

Anger, fear, joy, and sadness represent

the beliefs that influence our attitudes toward something or someone.

the first four stages of emotional labor.

different types of emotions.

the four dimensions of job satisfaction.

the four areas of the Johari Window.

different types of emotions.

Which of these statements represents the feelings component of attitudes?

I don't like how my boss treats employees.

I intend to transfer out of this department to get away from this manager.

I believe my manager does not treat everyone fairly.

I intend to tell the human resource manager that my supervisor should be demoted.

I believe the current actions of the company will increase its competitiveness.

I don't like how my boss treats employees.

As soon as we receive sensory information, we usually nonconsciously tag some of that information with emotional markers. These markers are

calculated feelings about an individual or incidents.

calculated feelings of a particular attitude or emotion.

behavioral intentions formed based on the individual's beliefs.

emotional responses based on thin slices of sensory information.

the internal beliefs that drive individuals of an organization.

emotional responses based on thin slices of sensory information.

Deep acting involves

using real emotions to handle difficult customers by imagining yourself in their place.

basing one's behavior on customer interactions.

ignoring customer needs and acting for the company's benefit.

ignoring customer needs and acting for one's own benefit.

actively changing one's perceptions and situation to naturally produce the expected emotions and associated behaviors.

actively changing one's perceptions and situation to naturally produce the expected emotions and associated behaviors.

Awareness of your own emotions is

a negative, highly activated emotion.

one of three types of organizational commitment.

an outcome of emotional dissonance.

the lowest level of emotional intelligence.

the opposite of employability.

the lowest level of emotional intelligence.

Self-concept and past experience affect the strength of a person’s needs’, but social norms have little to no influence on those needs.

True

False

False

The four-drive theory states that the drives—to acquire, to bond, to comprehend, and to defend—determine which cognitives are tagged to incoming stimuli.

True

False

False

According to expectancy theory, employee motivation will remain high when the P-to-O expectancy falls to zero.

True

False

False

Employee engagement refers to a high level of________ in the work.

skepticism

absorption

research

multi-tasking

physical activity

absorption

The expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort toward behaviors they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.

True

False

True

According to the four-drive theory, which of the following drives is most responsible for producing the needs for competence, status, and self-esteem?

drive to acquire

drive to decide

drive to think

drive to bond

drive to comprehend

drive to acquire

According to Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory, the concept of________ suggests that people are naturally motivated to reach their full potential.

safety

esteem

self-actualization

physiological

belonging

self-actualization

According to________ theory, social norms, past experience, and personal values translate emotional signals into goal-directed effort.

the four-drive

the learned needs

the needs hierarchy

the individual differences

the contingency anchor

the four-drive

According to expectancy theory, which of the following would be a way to increase an employee’s E-to-P expectancy?

Assure the employee that they are capable of performing the job successfully.

Measure job performance accurately.

Provide examples of where good performance has resulted in higher rewards.

Distribute rewards that employees value.

Minimize the presence of countervailing outcomes.

Assure the employee that they are capable of performing the job successfully.

Which of the following is applied by supervisors when they stop criticizing employees whose substandard performance has improved?

an antecedent

extinction

positive reinforcement

punishment

negative reinforcement

negative reinforcement

Money has a large impact on our needs and self-concept.

True

False

True

Job specialization increases efficiency because it includes fewer mental and physical skills, shorter work cycles, less variety of tasks, and more precise job matching.

True

False

True

One problem with job specialization is that many jobs are so specialized they become tedious which leads to increased motivation.

True

False

False

Positive self-talk motivates employees by increasing their self-efficacy.

True

False

True

The problem with membership- and seniority-based rewards is that they

discourage people from remaining with the organization.

are difficult to use in organizational settings.

do not directly motivate job performance.

increase turnover.

remove golden handcuffs that keep employees satisfied with their work.

do not directly motivate job performance.

Which of the following tend to create an ownership culture and align employee behaviors more closely to organizational objectives?

job evaluations and commissions

commissions and stock option plans

piece-rate plans and gainsharing plans

employee share-ownership plans and piece-rate plans

stock option plans and employee share-ownership plans

stock option plans and employee share-ownership plans

Rewards work best when they are valued. Which reward below would an employee most likely value?

a nice thank you card

a $10 gift card to a local grocery store

a wall plaque

a product of their choice from a list

an engraved paperweight

a product of their choice from a list

A significant weakness with Frederick Winslow Taylor’s theory of scientific management is that it

fails to address the problem that highly specialized jobs can reduce employee motivation.

gives too much decision-making power to employees rather than management.

relies too much on teamwork rather than individual behavior and performance.

it is too abstract to be applicable to the real world.

has too much focus on organizational effectiveness.

fails to address the problem that highly specialized jobs can reduce employee motivation.

Job enlargement often results in an increase in

autonomy.

affiliation.

job feedback.

motivation.

skill variety.

skill variety.

Employees are said to be empowered when they

practice job specialization.

experience self-reinforcement.

engage in positive self-talk.

experience freedom and discretion.

engage in mental imagery.

experience freedom and discretion.

Mental models make it easier for decision makers to frame a problem or opportunity.

True

False

False

The incubation stage of creativity is more effective when the decision maker sets aside all other activities and focuses attention on the issue or problem.

True

False

False

The gap between “what is” and “what ought to be” is also called a

valence.

problem.

opportunity.

choice.

decision.

problem

Escalation of commitment is likely to occur when the perceived costs of terminating the project are high or unknown.

True

False

True

Which of the following is not a reason people engage in satisficing rather than maximization?

They lack the capacity and motivation to process a huge volume of information.

They lack complete and perfect information.

Decisions with many alternatives can be cognitively and emotionally draining.

Alternatives present themselves over time, not all at once.

It allows them to choose the alternative with the highest payoff.

It allows them to choose the alternative with the highest payoff.

Human beings tend to be influenced by an initial set point and do not sufficiently move away from that point as new information is provided. This is referred to as

availability.

anchor and adjust.

confirmation bias.

representativeness.

maximization.

anchor and adjust.

The illumination stage in the creative process

provides a tested solution to complex problems.

occurs after the verification stage in the process.

generates long-lasting thoughts in the memory.

is characterized by convergent thinking.

can be quickly lost if not documented.

can be quickly lost if not documented.

People tend to be more creative when they

have a reasonable level of job security.

are secluded from others in the organization.

are under extreme time pressure.

have relatively low experience.

have low openness to experience.

have a reasonable level of job security.

The benefits of employee involvement increase with

the routineness and similarity of the problem or opportunity.

management's knowledge of the situation.

the standardization and repetitiveness of the problem or opportunity.

the number and similarity of employees involved in the decision.

the novelty and complexity of the problem or opportunity.

the novelty and complexity of the problem or opportunity.

For which of the following would a lower level of employee involvement be recommended?

nonprogrammed decisions

the manager lacks knowledge

conflict among employees regarding the solution

employees will not accept the decision without being involved

employees possess relevant information

conflict among employees regarding the solution

Social loafing is most common in teams that are very small.

True

False

False

Team members are often motivated by their drive to bond, which can make the team more productive.

True

False

True

Teams will have a high level of trust when that trust is based on avoiding sanctions if team expectations are violated.

True

False

False

Fellow team members often monitor performance more closely than a traditional supervisor. This is particularly true where the team’s performance depends on

technological factors.

the special efforts of members.

certain skills of members.

the aptitudes of members.

the worst performer in the group.

the worst performer in the group.

Social loafing occurs

more in smaller rather than larger teams.

more when the task is boring than when it is interesting.

more when team members are more motivated to help members achieve team goals.

more when team members are conscientious.

more among employees with strong collectivist values.

more when the task is boring than when it is interesting.

In organizations,________ are important sources of trust building, information sharing, and employee well-being.

task forces

departments

informal groups

teams

managers

informal groups

Which of the following types of behavior is primarily aimed at maintaining healthy psychological team dynamics?

conflicting

coordinating

communicating

comforting

concentrating

comforting

Members of________ teams experience higher satisfaction, less conflict, and better interpersonal relations.

remote

homogenous

self-directed

interdependent

virtual

homogenous

Team cohesion tends to be higher when

the team is large.

entry into the team is difficult.

the team has distinct faultlines.

members have limited interaction.

the team has had a low success rate in its duties.

entry into the team is difficult.

What is the best way to establish desired norms in new teams?

Let them develop naturally.

Select team members with opposing values.

Seek input from non-team members.

Select team members with compatible values.

Define them during the adjournment stage of development.

Select team members with compatible values.

Effective communication is of vital importance to organizations because employees work interdependently, and interdependence requires communication.

True

False

True

If the sender and receiver have similar codebooks, they are able to encode and decode more effectively.

True

False

True

Synchronicity is the extent to which a communication channel allows or requires both sender and receiver to communicate with each other at the same time.

True

False

True

Active listeners constantly cycle through the three components of listening during a conversation and engage in various activities to improve these processes.

True

False

True

What distinguishes verbal communication from nonverbal?

Verbal communication uses words, either spoken or written, whereas nonverbal communication does not.

Verbal communication is spoken; any other form of communication is nonverbal.

Verbal communication is necessary when there is a high level of noise, which makes nonverbal communication ineffective.

Verbal communication is less rule-bound than nonverbal communication.

Verbal communication is mostly nonconscious and automatic, while nonverbal is conscious.

Verbal communication uses words, either spoken or written, whereas nonverbal communication does not.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly shifted digital communication patterns in organization. What are two other reasons why the preferred types of digital communication are changing in the workplace?

employee skills and digital communication costs

digital communication costs and shifting preferences

digital communication reliability and bandwidth

generational preferences and platform availability

platform availability and digital communication costs

generational preferences and platform availability

Buffering, summarizing, and omitting are ways to

reduce information overload.

increase information overload.

avoid the use of jargon.

improve communication between men and women.

increase media richness.

reduce information overload.

Which of the following forms of nonverbal communication has the same meaning around the world?

silence

shaking one's head

smiling

raising one's eyebrows

eye contact

smiling

“Report talk” is characterized by

giving advice indirectly.

giving advice directly and asserting power.

flexible conversation style.

sensitivity to nonverbal cues.

relationship building.

giving advice directly and asserting power.

Males engage in more________, in which the primary function of the conversation is impersonal and efficient information exchange.

jargon

rapport talk

report talk

empathy talk

gender talk

report talk