Science flashcards 2nd Semester

Anaphase

The third phase of mitosis. The centromeres split, and

the two chromatids separate and form a new chromosome. The

new chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.

Centromere

The structure where the chromatids are held

together

Cell Cycle

The regular sequence of growth and division that

cells go through. This includes Interphase, Mitosis and

Cytokinesis.

Chromosomes

Carries genetic information – genes. Your

chromosomes contain DNA

Chromatid

Is one of the two identical strands that make up the

chromosome during cell division – occurs during anaphase

Cytokinesis

The last phase of the cell cycle. The cell

membrane pinches around the middle of the cell, and a new cell

wall begins to form. The cell splits in two with each having a set of

identical chromosomes and half of the organelles.

Interphase

The beginning of the cell cycle where the cell grows,

makes a copy of its DNA, and begins to prepare for cell division.

The longest phase of the cell cycle.

Prophase

The first phase of mitosis where the chromatin

condensed into chromosomes, the centrioles move to opposite

sides, the spindle fibers begin to form, and the nuclear membrane

brakes down.

Metaphase

The second phase of mitosis. The chromosomes line

up at the equator of the cell and each chromosome attaches to a

spindle fiber at the centromere.

Mitosis

The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s

nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is

distributed into each daughter cell – Contains the phases:

prophase, metaphase, interphase, and telophase.

Meiosis

The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by

which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

spindles

A protein structure that attaches itself to the

centromeres of a chromatid.

Telophase

The fourth phase of mitosis. The chromosomes begin

to stretch out and lose their rod like appearance. A new nuclear

membrane forms around each chromosome region.