CHAP 12: MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS

What is a motor speech disorder?

Impairment of speech production from defects to the neuromuscular system, motor control system, or both

Motor speech disorder defects

Trouble with planning, programming, and executing speech cause difficulties producing fluent, intelligible speech

Systems of Speech Production.

Respiratory, Phonatory, Resonatory, Articulatory

What is Schema Theory?

Memory representations of re3lationships between various sources of information

How are Speech Motor Disorders generally classified?

Etiology (acquired or developmental), Manifestation (plan, program, or executer), Severity (WHO impact on daily life)

What is Apraxia of Speech (AOS)?

An impairment of motor programming and planning that involves an inability to transform a linguistic representation into the appropriate coordinated movements.

Explain Planning speech.

The cognitive process of formulating the linguistic content and overall strategy for an utterance.

Explain Programming speech.

Translating linguistic plans into specific motor commands for the muscles and movements required for speech production.

Executing speech.

The final, physical production of sounds, where the brain sends signals to the muscles of the mouth, tongue, and larynx to move precisely and coordinate for clear speech.

-an impairment here, often called dysarthria

What is Motor Planning?

The process that defines and sequence articulatory goals prior to their occurrence.

What is a Programming Disorder?

Establishing and preparing the flow of motor information across muscles for production; inability to group and sequence the relevant muscles

What is Motor Execution?

Processes responsible for activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production.

What is the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in understanding speech disorders?

The WHO distinguishes body structure, body function, activity/participation, contextual factors.

Define Acquired Apraxia of Speech (AOS).

Impairment of motor programming and planning; inability to transform linguistic representation into appropriate coordinated movements.

Define Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS).

Phonetic-motoric disorder of speech production; inability to translate linguistic or phonetic information into accurate motor behaviors or inability to learn the motor behaviors to execute planned speech.

Define Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech (PPAOS).

AOS that presents as the manifestation of a progressive neurodegenerative disease.

Define Acquired Dysarthria.

Speech disorders caused by disturbances of neuromuscular control of speech production systems

• Muscle tone, muscle strength, movement steadiness, movement speed, movement range, and movement coordination

Define Developmental Dysarthria.

Present at birth and accompanies disturbance to neuromuscular functioning; may occur with anoxia during birth.

• Spastic Dysarthria

• Dyskinetic Dysarthria

Respiratory System

The pulmonary mechanism; regulates inhalation-exhalation cycle for passive breathing and producing speech.

Phonatory System

Regulates production of voice and prosodic or intonational aspects of speech. (rhythm/sound/pitch)

Resonatory System

Regulates the resonation or vibration of the airflow as it moves fro pharynx into oral/nasal cavities

Velopharyngeal port

Opening between velum and back of pharynx wall

Articulatory System

Regulates control of articulators in the oral cavities to manipulate airflow.