Financial english

financial statements

all of the reports that show how a company is performing for a certain period

balance sheet

the amount of money and property a company has and the amount of money it owes

cash-flow statement

the amount of cash spent and received by a company over a given period

income statement

the revenues and expenses of a company

Subtract

to deduct

income

revenue

'bottom line'

profit

mark up

a price range

running the business

to manage or organise a business

Wear and tear

damage and loss resulting from ordinary use

depreciate

when the value of a tangible asset falls because of its age or how much it has been used

incurred

to encounter

upfront

in advance, at the start of a business

puts more miles on the clock

to describe how far a car has travelled

to shift

to move

quarter-to-quarter

from one period of three months to another period of three months

takes a back seat

to be less important

left over

to remain

borrowers

someone who receives a loan from a bank

Loans

money which is borrowed

overdrafts

a withdrawal of money in excess of the credit balance

shelf life

the length of time something will last

patents

an official right to be the only person or company allowed to make or sell a new product for a certain period of time

trademarks

a name or symbol that a company uses on its products and that cannot legally be used by another company

third parties

people or companies outside of the business

discrepancies

a difference

prone to manipulation

to have a tendency to be affected by something

to book

to record a financial transaction

to write off

to cancel a bad debt or obsolete asset, to consider a transaction as a loss

amortisation

when the value of intangible assets falls because of their age or how much they have been used

exceptional items

an ordinary business charge noted separately in financial reports for financial clarity

an impairment

the situation when the current value of an asset is less than the historical cost

an outflow

money which is paid out

repayments

money paid at regular intervals to reimburse a debt

a derivative

an investment that depends on the value of something else

a forward contract

a contract to buy or sell an asset at a point in the future at a previously agreed price

a hedge

an investment made to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset

a rights issue

an issue of new shares offered by a company to its existing shareholders

share repurchases

a situation in which a company buys back its own shares

Does what they say on the tin

it's what we expect

sliced and diced

cut into smaller pieces and rearranged

processing machine

machinery which transforms raw materials into the goods required

one-off

something which only happens once

change hands

to pass from the possession of one person or group to another

coffers

the money a business has in its bank account available to spend

upkeep

maintenance