AP AH Renaissance

Catacombs of Priscilla

Catacombs of Priscilla

ca. 200-400 CE

Rome

• scenes related to Christianity

• tombs for Christians in Rome

  • Christianity was not popular at the time

Basilica of Santa Sabina

Rome

ca 432 CE

• Features an apse, columns on inside to shape the nave, clerestory

• Christians needed to adapt their churches for their needs.

• Previous roman churches held services outside but Christian churches were held inside.

Vienna Genesis - Rebecca at the Well

early 6th century

tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum

• Writing done in molten silver

• velum was originally purple - very expensive dye

• the naked woman is the personification of the river

• these types of books were extremely expensive to make

• continuous narration: same character appears within the same page/frame to show movement

• Anachronism: the city in the background doesn’t fit within the time frame

Church of San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

526-547

• circular/central plan

• top dome is a clerestory

• inside is decorated with colorful paintings or arches

• apse has a mosiac that uses real gold and different colored stones/glass/pearls

• early churches were plain on the outside

Church of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

Isodorus of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles

Istanbul (Byzantium)

532-537

• Funded by Emperor Justinian

  • held a contest for best architects in his empire

• dome, windows on bottom w/ thin verticle supports

• dome was revolutionary at the time; slightly smaller than the dome of Pantheon

• 1453: Converted into a mosque

• 1935: Deconsecrated as a religious building, became a museum

• 2018: Reconsecreated as a mosque

Virgin and Child between Saints

• encaustic on wood

• sixth or seventh century

• from Saint Catherine’s Monastary

  • Mount Sinai, Egypt

• Melted beeswax w/ paint (tempura)

• Hand of god reaching down (top of painting)

Lindisfarne Gospels

• England

• ca. 700 (early medieval)

• tempera on vellum

• “Carpet” pages

• some pages w/illustrations in between chapters

• features four books in the New Testament

• Carpet design influenced by Middle Eastern carpets/art

• Patterns were time-consuming and complex

  • paintings these was an exercise in intense focus

The Great Mosque of Cordoba

• spain

• 9th and 10th century

• filled w/ columns, fountain, orange grove, symmetrical arches, stone and red brick

• characteristics of western islamic architecture

Church of Saint-Foy

• Conques, France

• c. 1060 - 1130

• Medieval Romanesque

• Features Last Judgement Tympanum and Reliquary Statue of Saint-Foy

Bayeux Tapestry

• c. 1070

• 230 ft x 20 in high

• Embroidered wool on linen

• continuous narrative with text

• Made entirely by women as sewing was exclusively done by women

• Scenes of Norman invasion of Britain

Chartres Cathedral

• Chartres, France

• c. 1145 - 1155 CE

• Reconstructed c. 1194-1220 CE after a large fire

• Limestone and stained glass

• Jamb figures near entrance

• pointed arches

• utilizes old and new gothic styles

• houses Virgin Mary’s Tunic

Moralized Bible of Saint Luis

Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France

• France

• c. 1230

• Medieval Period

• Abstract architecture in background

• Moralized Bible: a medieval Bible w/ many more illustrations than others sacred books; included commentary

Rottgen Pieta

• C. 1300 - 25

• Painted Wood

• Pieta: a picture or sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Jesus on her lap or in her arms

• Northern artists focused on intense emotion and gore in order to inspire faith and piety in viewers

Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

• Architect: Giotto

• c. 1305

• Fresco

• Frescos inside tell biblical stories

• Depictions of those going to hell and heaven

• Commissioned by a wealthy man

• Much of Europe was illiterate, art helped tell biblical stories

• Called Arena Chapel bc it is on the site of an ancient Roman arena/amphitheater

• Doing commissioned art for churches was seen as a way to get into heaven

Golden Haggadah

• C. 1320

• Northern Spain

• Scenes related to Passover

  • Scenes related to Passover; plaques and escape of Hebrews from Egypt

• Haggadah: A text used in the Jewish faith, especially during the rituals around the Passover holiday

• At the time this was made, there was a large Jewish community in Spain

  • Some of the wealthiest people were Jewish - they could afford to make these expensive books

• Anachronism: Figures look too much like contemporary people, not accurate to the time period

The Alhambra

• 1391-1354

• Nasrid Dynasty

• Granada, Spain

• Multiple buildings connected by paths, gardens, and gates

• ornate interiors

• 4 palaces

• Brightly colored facade

• double arched windows

• Some of the rooms were used to host visitors

• Some rooms were used as residential apartments

Annunciation Triptych

• workshop of Robert Campin

• 1425-1428

• Tempera and oil on panel

• Triptych that could be open and closed

• Patrons of the artwork are featured on left panel

• Lots of symbolism such as white flower that represents purity of Mary

Pazzi Chapel

• Filippo Brunelleschi

• Florence, Italy

• Began in 1420s completed 1460s

• Built in between other buildings

• facade of chapel inspired by Roman arches

• Features a dome that was inspired by Pantheon and Hagia Sophia

• Commissioned by Pazzi Chapel

The Arnolfini Portrait

• Jan Van Eyck

• 1434

• Tempera and oil on wood panel

• Man’s clothes are dark purple/black

  • Black clothes were dyed with purple multiple times

  • Shows wealth

• Dog is a symbol of faith between husband and wife

David

• Donatello

• Bronze

• Late 1420s to 1460s

• David is shown stepping over Goliath’s head

• Goliath’s beard - that shows his age/maturity - juxtaposes David’s youthfulness

• David looks androgynous

• 5.5 - 6 ft tall

• Return to classical

  • Contrapposto pose

  • Nudity (to show vulnerability

  • first full length freestanding bronze statue since the fall of Rome

• Commissioned by Medici family - richest family in Florence

Madonna and Child w/ Two Angels

• Fra Filippo Lippi

• c. 1445 - 1460

• Tempera on wood

• No halos to make Mary and Jesus more huma

• Foreshortening to give the painting 3 dimensionality

• More naturalistic than pr3evious depictions from medieval period

• Image of Mary was based on nun who Lippi had an affairt with and angel is based on his son

The Birth of Venus

• Sandro Botticelli

• ca 1482

• Tempera on panel

• rare nudity of a woman

• personification

  • Two figures on the left are wind

  • Right figure is a season

Last Supper

• Leonardo Da Vinci

• Oil, tempera, fresco

• 1495-98

• Scene of last supper before crucifiction

• Oringinally in a convents dining room in a church

• Leonardo experimented by painting on dry plaster

  • As a result the color didnt bond with the wall and the painting has faded over the years

Adam and Eve

• Albrecht Durer

• 1504

• Engraving

• Northern Renaissance

• crosshatching

• lots of animals throughout scene

Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

• Michelangelo

• Vatican City, Rome

• 1508-12

• Fresco

• Pieces of architecutre are actually painted on

• Michelangelo used male models even for women - everyone is buff!

School of Athens

• Raphael

• Fresco

• 1509 - 1511

• High Renaissance

• painting features important figures from Ancient Greece

• statues of greek/roman gods feautred

• arches

• in the center are Plato and Aristotle

• Direct observation of nature

Isenheim Alterpiece

• Matthias Grunewald

• c. 1510-15

• Oil on Wood

• Northern Renaissance

• Triptych

• Scenes of crucificion

• surrounded by mary, mary magelene, and one of the apostoles

• panels show different saints

• bottom panel shows the lamentation

• function: to educate people who could mpot read and inspire feelings of piety

Entombent

• 1525-28

• tempera on panel

• mannerism

• ambigiouty about what is going on

• pastel color palette

• in a small chapel

Venus of Urbino

• Titian

• 1528

• Late renaissance

• oil on canvas

• direct observation of nature

• two servant women in the background

• dogs are used as a symbol of faith in a marriage

• flowers are alluding to a wedding ceremony

• hairsttyle is typical for engaged women in the Renaissance

• Commissioned by woman’s fiance