AP AH Renaissance

Catacombs of Priscilla

ca. 200-400 CE

Rome

• scenes related to Christianity
• tombs for Christians in Rome
  • Christianity was not popular at the time

Basilica of Santa Sabina

Rome

ca 432 CE

• Features an apse, columns on inside to shape the nave, clerestory
• Christians needed to adapt their churches for their needs.
• Previous roman churches held services outside but Christian churches were held inside.

Vienna Genesis - Rebecca at the Well

early 6th century

tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum

• Writing done in molten silver
• velum was originally purple - very expensive dye
• the naked woman is the personification of the river
• these types of books were extremely expensive to make
• continuous narration: same character appears within the same page/frame to show movement
• Anachronism: the city in the background doesn’t fit within the time frame

Church of San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

526-547

• circular/central plan
• top dome is a clerestory
• inside is decorated with colorful paintings or arches
• apse has a mosiac that uses real gold and different colored stones/glass/pearls
• early churches were plain on the outside

Church of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

Isodorus of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles

Istanbul (Byzantium)

532-537

• Funded by Emperor Justinian
  • held a contest for best architects in his empire
• dome, windows on bottom w/ thin verticle supports
• dome was revolutionary at the time; slightly smaller than the dome of Pantheon
• 1453: Converted into a mosque
• 1935: Deconsecrated as a religious building, became a museum
• 2018: Reconsecreated as a mosque

Virgin and Child between Saints

• encaustic on wood
• sixth or seventh century
• from Saint Catherine’s Monastary
  • Mount Sinai, Egypt
• Melted beeswax w/ paint (tempura)
• Hand of god reaching down (top of painting)

Lindisfarne Gospels

• England
• ca. 700 (early medieval)
• tempera on vellum
• “Carpet” pages
• some pages w/illustrations in between chapters
• features four books in the New Testament
• Carpet design influenced by Middle Eastern carpets/art
• Patterns were time-consuming and complex
  • paintings these was an exercise in intense focus

The Great Mosque of Cordoba

• spain
• 9th and 10th century
• filled w/ columns, fountain, orange grove, symmetrical arches, stone and red brick
• characteristics of western islamic architecture

Church of Saint-Foy

• Conques, France
• c. 1060 - 1130
• Medieval Romanesque
• Features Last Judgement Tympanum and Reliquary Statue of Saint-Foy

Bayeux Tapestry

• c. 1070
• 230 ft x 20 in high
• Embroidered wool on linen
• continuous narrative with text
• Made entirely by women as sewing was exclusively done by women
• Scenes of Norman invasion of Britain

Chartres Cathedral

• Chartres, France
• c. 1145 - 1155 CE
• Reconstructed c. 1194-1220 CE after a large fire
• Limestone and stained glass
• Jamb figures near entrance
• pointed arches
• utilizes old and new gothic styles
• houses Virgin Mary’s Tunic

Moralized Bible of Saint Luis

Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France

• France
• c. 1230
• Medieval Period
• Abstract architecture in background
• Moralized Bible: a medieval Bible w/ many more illustrations than others sacred books; included commentary

Rottgen Pieta

• C. 1300 - 25

• Painted Wood

• Pieta: a picture or sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Jesus on her lap or in her arms

• Northern artists focused on intense emotion and gore in order to inspire faith and piety in viewers

Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

• Architect: Giotto
• c. 1305
• Fresco
• Frescos inside tell biblical stories
• Depictions of those going to hell and heaven
• Commissioned by a wealthy man
• Much of Europe was illiterate, art helped tell biblical stories
• Called Arena Chapel bc it is on the site of an ancient Roman arena/amphitheater
• Doing commissioned art for churches was seen as a way to get into heaven

Golden Haggadah

• C. 1320
• Northern Spain
• Scenes related to Passover
  • Scenes related to Passover; plaques and escape of Hebrews from Egypt
• Haggadah: A text used in the Jewish faith, especially during the rituals around the Passover holiday
• At the time this was made, there was a large Jewish community in Spain
  • Some of the wealthiest people were Jewish - they could afford to make these expensive books
• Anachronism: Figures look too much like contemporary people, not accurate to the time period

The Alhambra

• 1391-1354
• Nasrid Dynasty
• Granada, Spain
• Multiple buildings connected by paths, gardens, and gates
• ornate interiors
• 4 palaces
• Brightly colored facade
• double arched windows
• Some of the rooms were used to host visitors
• Some rooms were used as residential apartments

Annunciation Triptych

• workshop of Robert Campin

• 1425-1428

• Tempera and oil on panel

• Triptych that could be open and closed

• Patrons of the artwork are featured on left panel

• Lots of symbolism such as white flower that represents purity of Mary

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Pazzi Chapel

• Filippo Brunelleschi
• Florence, Italy
• Began in 1420s completed 1460s
• Built in between other buildings
• facade of chapel inspired by Roman arches
• Features a dome that was inspired by Pantheon and Hagia Sophia
• Commissioned by Pazzi Chapel

The Arnolfini Portrait

• Jan Van Eyck
• 1434
• Tempera and oil on wood panel
• Man’s clothes are dark purple/black
  • Black clothes were dyed with purple multiple times
  • Shows wealth
• Dog is a symbol of faith between husband and wife

David

• Donatello

• Bronze

• Late 1420s to 1460s

• David is shown stepping over Goliath’s head

• Goliath’s beard - that shows his age/maturity - juxtaposes David’s youthfulness

• David looks androgynous

• 5.5 - 6 ft tall

• Return to classical

  • Contrapposto pose
  • Nudity (to show vulnerability
  • first full length freestanding bronze statue since the fall of Rome

• Commissioned by Medici family - richest family in Florence

Madonna and Child w/ Two Angels

• Fra Filippo Lippi
• c. 1445 - 1460
• Tempera on wood
• No halos to make Mary and Jesus more huma
• Foreshortening to give the painting 3 dimensionality
• More naturalistic than pr3evious depictions from medieval period
• Image of Mary was based on nun who Lippi had an affairt with and angel is based on his son

The Birth of Venus

• Sandro Botticelli
• ca 1482
• Tempera on panel
• rare nudity of a woman
• personification
  • Two figures on the left are wind
  • Right figure is a season

Last Supper

• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Oil, tempera, fresco
• 1495-98
• Scene of last supper before crucifiction
• Oringinally in a convents dining room in a church
• Leonardo experimented by painting on dry plaster
  • As a result the color didnt bond with the wall and the painting has faded over the years

Adam and Eve

• Albrecht Durer
• 1504
• Engraving
• Northern Renaissance
• crosshatching
• lots of animals throughout scene
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Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

• Michelangelo
• Vatican City, Rome
• 1508-12
• Fresco
• Pieces of architecutre are actually painted on
• Michelangelo used male models even for women - everyone is buff!
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School of Athens

• Raphael
• Fresco
• 1509 - 1511
• High Renaissance
• painting features important figures from Ancient Greece
• statues of greek/roman gods feautred
• arches
• in the center are Plato and Aristotle
• Direct observation of nature
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Isenheim Alterpiece

• Matthias Grunewald
• c. 1510-15
• Oil on Wood
• Northern Renaissance
• Triptych
• Scenes of crucificion
• surrounded by mary, mary magelene, and one of the apostoles
• panels show different saints
• bottom panel shows the lamentation
• function: to educate people who could mpot read and inspire feelings of piety

Entombent

• 1525-28
• tempera on panel
• mannerism
• ambigiouty about what is going on
• pastel color palette
• in a small chapel

Venus of Urbino

• Titian

• 1528

• Late renaissance

• oil on canvas

• direct observation of nature

• two servant women in the background

• dogs are used as a symbol of faith in a marriage

• flowers are alluding to a wedding ceremony

• hairsttyle is typical for engaged women in the Renaissance

• Commissioned by woman’s fiance