Distribution Exam 3

stringer design

block design

*be able to label components of a pallet*

pallet design factors

what are these?

• price

• strength

• stiffness

• durability

• functionality

• vehicle sizes

• product dimensions

what 2 things are pallet dimensions based on?

GMA

which pallet dimension?

48”×40”

euro

which pallet dimension?

1200mm x 800mm

international standard

which pallet dimension?

1200mm x 1000mm

chamfer

sloping at an edge to make access easier for forklift

double face reversible

adv:

• increased stability

disadv:

• only has two-way entry

• heavier than other options

• more expensive

double face non-reversible

benefits of overhang on a pallet?

• More space to place things

• Gives shrink wrap something to hang on to

single face

flush

what kind of overhang?

double wing

what kind of overhang?

single wing

what kind of overhang?

block pallet with pallet skid

stringer pallet with bottom deck

two way entry

entry type?

four way entry

entry type?

partial four way entry

3 pallet skids

increased strength/stability

reversible block pallet

reversible stringer pallet

• style

• entry

• overhang

• decking

4 ways to ID a pallet

• wood

• plywood

• presswood

• thermoform plastic

• structural foam

• metal

• corrugated

pallet types (7)

plastic pallets

•Easily cleaned

•Not moisture sensitive

•More durable

•No pests

•Costly

metal pallets

•Handle heavy weight objects

•Expensive

corrugated pallets

•Moisture sensitive

•Less stability

•Only last 1-2 trips

styrene pallets

•Lightweight (<5kg)

•High strength to weight ratio

•Safe to handle

•Vermin free

•Does not absorb moisture

•Unaffected by repeated freeze/thaw cycles

•Food Safe-FDA approved Materials

•Can be cleaned

•Ideal for air freight

nestable pallet

why pallet pools were developed

• Poor pallet quality

• Frequent replacement

• Product damage

• Safety issues

• Trading/Transport disputes

• designated by color

green pallet program

• national identification program for pallets

• reused by original shippers

• recycled for use in landscaping mulch or fuel

• reclaimed and used as repair components

export pallet treatment program

• international standards for phytosanitary measures

  • wood has been treated to get rid of pests

national wooden pallet and container association

NWPCA

• manufacture, repair and distribute pallets and wood packaging in unit-load solutions

pallet design system

• PDS

• product specification tool, an engineering design tool, a professional marketing tool, and an educational tool

best load

models the mechanical interactions between distribution packaging, pallets, and storage/handling equipment

slip sheets

• Alternative to pallets

• Materials

  • Corrugated

  • Solid Fiberboard

  • Plastic

• Push-Pull

• lower cost

• thin profile

slip sheets

what are these referring to?

adv:

• lower cost

• lightweight

• thin profile

disadv:

• expensive push-pull device

column stacking

interlock stacking

more stable

•It might stretch so we need to pre-stretch to avoid some of that

•Also cost savings because we can cut need for material by pre-stretching

Why do we need to pre-stretch the film material?

strapping

• the oldest method of stabilization.

• Can either be steel or plastic.

• Steel has the highest tensile strength and breaking strength (rigid and heavy loads).

• Plastic version can be nylon, PET, or PP.

pre-stretching

most critical step when using stretch wrap?

shrink wrap

• provides coverage to the entire load

• prevents dust and debris from getting into pallet

• not great in load stability

stretch hood

• High packaging flexibility, even for future product sizes

• Reduced transport and storage damage

• Great display effect with excellent protection against dirt and moisture

• Can incorporate quaternary graphics

• Cost-saving due to usage of thinner film

What issues are seen when using adhesive to hold a unit load together?

tier sheets

pieces of plastic, metal or cardboard that are used to separate layers of empty bottles or cans to be transported to a plant to be filled

top frames

frames placed on top of unit load for extra stability

• Strong but lightweight

• Long fibers resist tear or puncture

• Flutes provides some cushioning

Positive performance attributes for Corrugate (3)

• Gains or loses moisture easily

• As moisture rises board expands

• Board “creeps” – loses stacking strength over time

negative performance attributes for Corrugate (3)

RSC regular slotted container

most common box style?

corrugated

• Advantages

  • Strong but lightweight

  • Long fibers resist tear or puncture

  • Flutes provides some cushioning

• Disadvantages

  • Gains or loses moisture easily

  • As moisture rises board expands

  • Board “creeps” – loses stacking strength over time

Because it is made from wood, a natural material, there is considerable variability in fiberboard, as much as ±8% in strength from the same lot of material

Variability in corrugate versus other materials

corrugated structure

kraft

designate paper made principally (at least 75%) from virgin fiber

flutes

corrugated forms are called?

A, B, C

3 common types of flutes

A flute

provides the best stacking strength for boxes stored in the top-to-bottom direction (flutes vertical)

B flute

the best of the common flutes for flat crush resistance

C flute

has average strength for both needs and is the flute most frequently used

A>C>B

stacking strength of flute material

flute sizes

singlewall

kind of corrugate used for light contents where some structural rigidity, compression strength and puncture resistance are needed

doublewall

type of corrugate used for heavier contents requiring a greater degree of support

triplewall

kind of corrugate used for the heaviest contents where maximum support and structural rigidity is required

box closure methods

• adhesive

• tape

  • packing

  • gummed

• preformed staples

• stitching

• strapping

geometric design

• Based on size, weight, and shape of product

• Distribution environment limitations

And

• Marketing

• Sales

• Manufacturing

• Purchasing

• Materials

internal dimensions

ID stands for

ID + wall thickness

OD=

internal

boxes specified by internal or outer dimension?

when palletizing and truck/container loading

when do you use outer dimension for boxes?

length width depth

L x W x D

02

what is the IFB style number?

• slotted boxes

03

what is the IFB style number?

• telescopic

04

what is the IFB style number?

• folders and trays

05

what is the IFB style number?

• slide-type boxes

06

what is the IFB style number?

• rigid boxes

07

what is the IFB style number?

• self-erecting boxes

09

what is the IFB style number?

• interior forms

*Material minimization calculation

*refer to PPT

omni-channel

• A business model that creates a seamless experience for the customer across already existing channels.

• The distinction of the channels, physical & online, have become blurred.

business to consumer

B2C?

business to business

B2B?

third party logistics

3PL?

consumer product goods

CPG?

near field communications

NFC?

• RFID

• QR codes

• NFC

can track packages as they move throughout warehouse and other channels

Examples of smart packaging and why they are important in an omni-channel distribution model?

• specific packaging formats per channel (customized)

• unified packaging design (simplified)

What are the two main options when attacking the Omni-channel demands and how do they differ?

• smart packaging

• no-waste packaging

• functional packaging

What are some strategies that are used to meet the demands of omni-channel distribution models?

• Decide – how far do we want to own our transport of our product

• Define- your final mile or miles

• Understand – your last mile experience first hand

• Participate- in the process with ride-a-longs

• Talk- with your sales, marketing and retailer associates & drive standards

• Work- with your retailers to make sure their websites communicate the details required for successful consumer experience

What are some ways to evaluate your omni-channel strategy? (6)

What should you observe and evaluate when it comes to Omni-channel?

• what is your brand

• who is my consumer

• what is the price point

• what is the role of the packaging

What are some factors to find what omni-channel strategies work for you?

large items

What types of products are suffering greatly with the Omni-channel influence?

What kind of measurements are the SAVER data recorders able to collect?

What does it to “Monitor” versus “Measure”?

Why measure, what is the importance of measuring the data in various distribution environments?

Name some reasons why having pallet loads shift during distribution can cause issues when they arrive at the warehouse.