Exam 1 Study Guide

7 characteristics of Life

has cells, maintains homeostasis, uses energy/ metabolizes, reproduces, grow/develop, adapt/evolve to environment, respond to stimuli in environment

natural v social sciences

natural science is the study of the natural world. i.e. biology, physics, earth sciences.

Theories v Law

theories explain how phenomenon happens, law explains that phenomenon always happens under certain conditions.

biology

The study of life

science

a system of acquiring knowledge

homeostasis

process of keeping internal conditions stable and different from the environment

hypothesis

an educated guess based on observation

cell

A membrane bound unit separate from surroundings

atom

smallest unit of a substance while still having a unique substance

population

all the individuals of a species in the same area

community

All the different populations that live together in an area

species

a group of organism that can reproduce in nature and create fertile offspring

how organisms are assigned to taxonomic rankings

morphology, genetic lineage (DNA)

taxonomic rankings in order

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

which taxonomic ranking is the broadest? Most specific?

Domain, Species

taxonomy

the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms

Carl von Linn

father of taxonomy, binomial nomenclature

first living organism on earth

bacteria

this theory gave eukaryotes mitochondria and chloroplasts

endosymbiotic theory

Mass extinctions caused the biodiversity we see today

true

homologous structures

Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

atomic number

number of protons in an atom

nucleus

surrounded by ring of electrons, made of protons and neutrons

mass number

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

dmitry mendeleev

1869 russian chemist; arranged elements by chemical properties into the periodic table

saturated fats

"unhealthy"

the body produces nonessential amino acids

true

6 main elements of life

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Calcium

monomers

small molecules that can be joined together to form more complex molecules

polymers

macromolecules made of smaller units (monomers) that form long, repeating chains

all living things on earth are (this element) based

carbon

denaturation

the process of a complete, functioning protein unraveling due to extreme conditions that affect the weak hydrogen bonding