ANS A&P quiz 6 exam 3

what is pain?

the conscious perception of noxious stimuli

what is the def of noxious stimuli?

the ability to produce tissue damage

what are pain receptors called?

nociceptors

where are nociceptors located?

almost everywhere in the body

what is the purpose of pain?

to alert the CNS to potentially harmful stimuli

what is the process of experiencing pain called?

nociception

what are types of general senses

visceral, touch, temp, pain, proprioception

what are types of special senses?

taste, smell, hearing, sight, equilibrium

what is an example of visceral sensations

gas in the GI tract (painful)

where are central receptors of temperature located at?

in the hypothalamus

how does the CNS correct changes in temp?

changing blood flow, sweating, shivering

How do you classify pain?

superficial v. deep v. visceral

acute v. chronic

what is the sense of the bodys correct position and movement called?

proprioception

how does the body process smell?

olfactory nerves have a single dendrite at the apex of each cell. these axons pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. They converge at the olfactory bulbs of the brain. odor molecules dissolve in the nasal passages' mucus and contact the olfactory dendrite's sensory processes. nerve impulses travel to the brain and are interpreted

what is the purpose of the external ear?

it funnels soundwave vibrations to the tympanic membrane.

what is the function of the middle ear?

it amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the TM to the inner ear

what is the function of the inner ear?

it contains the sensory receptors that convert the vibrations to nerve impulses and also includes receptors for equilibrium.

what is the visual outer structure of the eat composed of skin and cartilage?

the pinna

what is the soft tube-like structure that carries vibrations to the tympanic membrane. and is also L shaped

external auditory canal

what is the tight membrane stretched over the opening between the middle and external ear?

tympanic membrane

what are the ossicles in the middle ear?

the link from the TM to the oval window

what are the 3 things in the ossicles

malleus, incus, and stapes

what is the eustachian tube (auditory tube)

opening to the pharynx. equalizes air pressure on either side of the TM

what is the cochlea?

shell-shaped spiral cavity in the temporal bone

organ of corti-

fluid-filled portion that makes up the receptor organ of hearing. it runs the length of the cochlear duct on the basilar membrane. consists of hair cells, supporting cells and tectorial membrane

what is equilibrium in the ear?

in the mechanical sense it helps maintain balance by keeping track of the position and movement of the body and head in relation to gravity.

what are photoreceptors

single layer of cells in the retina that detect the image and generate visual impulses

what are the 3 layers of the eyeball

-outer fibrous layer

-middle vascular layer

-inner nervous layer

what are the 3 parts of the outer fibrous layer

cornea, sclera, limbus

what are parts of the middle vascular layer?

choriod, iris, and ciliary body

what do ciliary muscles do?

adjust the shape of the lens to allow near and far vision.

how are ciliary muscles attached to the periphery of the lens

by suspensory ligaments

what is the retina

The nervous lining of the globe is composed of neurons and glia. contains photoreceptors for vison (rods and cones)

what is the optic disc

the site where nerve fibers on the inside surface of the retina converge and leave the eye to form the optic nerve

what is another name for eyelid

palpebrae (upper and lower folds of skin lined by conjunctiva)

what is the lateral and medial canthi

the corners where the eyelids come together

what are the tarsal glands

they produce a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the face

what is the extraocular conjunctiva structure

a thin transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelid

what is another name for the third eyelid

nicitating membrane