Period 4 Vocab Part 1

Thomas Jefferson (4.2

3rd president of the US, marinating national bank, neutrality policies, and limited central government. Eliminated federal jobs, repealed excise taxes, and lowered national debt.

Louisiana Purchase (4.2

America bought western lands and the port of New Orleans from France.

Aaron Burr (4.2

D/R candidate who went off the rails once he wasn’t nominated for election, secretly formed the federalist conspiracy which wanted to secede from the nation, killed Hamilton in a duel, and was tried for treason.

Lewis and Clark (4.2

explored the western lands, strengthened US claims to the Oregon Territory, fostered better relationships with the Native Americans, and created better maps.

John Marshall (4.2

US supreme court justice who believed that the US constitution created a strong federal government that had flexible powers.

judicial review (4.2

when the judicial branch checks on the legislative and executive branch to make sure they’re acting consistently, like getting rid of a law or trying someone for treason.

Marbury v. Madison (4.2

Adams appointed “midnight judges” and Jefferson didn’t like this so he told Madison, the new secretary of state, not to deliver the commissions. Marbury, who would’ve been a judge, sued. Said that the Judiciary Act of 1789 had given the supreme court too much power and it was overturned, establishing judicial review.

McCulloch v. Maryland (4.2

Maryland taxed the Second Bank of the US, but states aren’t allowed to tax the federal government. Established that the national bank is conditionally because the constitution allows for implied powers.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (4.2

New Hampshire changed Dartmouth from private college to a public institution. Federal government struck down a state law saying that a private contract can’t be altered by a state.

Gibbons v. Ogden (4.2

New York granted a monopoly to a steamboat company, was struck down by the federal government, establishing the federal government’s control of interstate commerce.

Era of Good Feelings (4.3) (1816-1819

marked by nationalism, optimism, and goodwill. This term is misleading.

James Monroe (4.3

5th US president, represented the growing nationalism of the US, got Florida, agreed to the Missouri Compromise, and adopted the Monroe Doctrine.

sectionalism (4.3

when the country party was diving into two sections because of geographical differences, like slavery.

Henry Clay (4.3

in House of Representatives, made American system, wrote the Clay’s proposals.

American System (4.3

method of advancing US’s economic growth, consisted of protective tariffs, a national bank, and printing transportation systems.

Second Bank of the U.S. (4.3

charted during Madison’s presidency in 1816.

Panic of 1819 (4.3

second bank of the US raised interest rates to stop inflation, which made it so less people could get loans, meaning less spending power. people were buying less. Banks could also not get loans, meaning that they couldn't invest and create more jobs. This resulted in a bank panic where everyone rushed to the banks to get money.

Missouri Compromise (4.3) (1820

settled the argument of if Missouri should enter the us as a slave state. If it did, it would give power to the south in congress. The compromise was that it was allowed to be admitted to the union, but so was Maine and that slavery was prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana Territory, via Clay’s Proposals.

John C. Calhoun (4.4

original war hawks, who wanted the US to enter war against Britain, from South Carolina.

Hartford Convention (1814) (4.4

New England who were federalist states threading to secede from the union met here. Resulted in a ⅔ vote of both houses to go to war. Weaken the Federalist Party.

Tecumseh (4.4

warrior of the Shawnee brothers who fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Prophet (4.4

religious leader of the Shawnee brothers who fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

William Henry Harrison (4.4

stopped the Battle of Tippecanoe, ending the Indian confederacy, and allowing more westward expansion.

Battle of Tippecanoe (4.4

battle between Shawnee brothers and their British and Spanish allies and Harrison. American won and blamed British for the battle.

Barbary pirates (4.4

North African pirates who would raid the ships of American merchants.

impressment (4.4

British practice of taking American navy people and forcing them to work for Britain’s navy.

Chesapeake-Leopard affair (4.4

Britian’s Leopard ship fired on America’s Chesapeake. Britain killed Americans and impressed the rest, resulting in lots of Americans calling for war.

Embargo Act (1807) (4.4

FAILURE, Jefferson prohibited American ships from going to foreign ports. Didn't effect Britain at all, but was devastating for the US economy, and resulted in New England states wanted to secede from the union. Was repealed.

James Madison (4.4

4th president of the US, eager to go to war with Britain, helped with the nonintervource act of 1809 and Macon’s Bill No.2.

Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) (4.4

restored trade with France and Britain. US would prohibit trade with the enemy nation if the nation respected US’s rights at sea.

Nonintercourse Act (1809) (4.4

allowed Americans to trade with all nations except Britain and France.

War of 1812 (4.4

started because of British impressment and limits to westward expansion, didn't change anything after it ended and was resolved.

Battle of New Orleans (1815) (4.4

American win against British, boosting American nationalism, was fought after treaty was signed during war of 1812

Treaty of Ghent (1814) (4.4

stopped the war of 1812, halted fighting, returned conquered territory to prewar claimant, and recognized the prewar boundary between Canada and US.

Andrew Jackson (4.4

led an army across Florida, killing natives and British, to supposively find US criminals. This laid the foundation for the US to take control of Florida.

Monroe Doctrine (1823) (4.4

deceleration on US policy in Europe and Latin America, saying that the US opposed any attempts by a European power to interfere with the affairs of any republic in the western hemisphere.

Francis Scott Key (4.4

wrote the Star-Spangled Banner.