Syntax

Generative Grammar

A theory of linguistics in which grammar is viewed as a cognitive faculty. Language is generated by a set of rules or procedures.

Syntax

The level of linguistic organization that mediates between sounds and meaning, where words are organized into phrases and sentences.

Prescriptive Grammar

The grammar rules as taught by so-called "language experts". These rules, often inaccurate descriptively, prescribe how people should talk/write, rather than describe what they actually do.

Descriptive Grammar

A scientific grammar that describes, rather than prescribes, how people talk/write.

Corpus (pl.Corpora)

 A collection of real-world language data.

Learning

The gathering of conscious knowledge ( like linguistics or chemistry)

Acquisition

The gathering of subconscious information (like language)

Universal Grammar (UG)

The innate (or instinctual) part of each language's grammar