Capstone CH 12-13

T/F: most young people who begin smoking have very little knowledge of the dangers of smoking

False

T/F: cigarettes were often given away for free to soldiers during World War ll

True

T/F: anti-smoking media campaigns are effective, but pro-smoking media campaigns are more effective

True

T/F: most teenage smokers recognize the dangers of smoking but attribute those dangers to others and not to themselves, a belief called an optimistic bias

True

T/F: women have an easier time quitting smoking than men

false

T/F: simply informing people of the risks of smoking can normally get most people to quit smoking

false

T/F: adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are not likely to begin smoking cigarettes

false

T/F: a student who is 15 pounds over their desired weight but does not smoke has a lower risk of heart disease than a student who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day but is at their ideal weight

True

T/F: genes have been identified that affect smoking behavior, mostly through the effects of genes on neurotransmitters in the brain

True

T/F: currently, about 33% of the adult population of the united states smokes

false

a smoker exhibiting an optimistic bias would …

believe that other smokers may get lung cancer, but they will not

Weiyi is a nonsmoking 16 year old high school sophomore who has a large cigarette-sponsored poster in her room bedroom. compared to non-smoking Bao, who has no such poster in her room, Weiyi is more likely to…

begin smoking

nicotine is…

a stimulant

one way that smokers show an optimistic bias is …

believing that their brand of cigarettes is less likely to cause disease

which group is more likely to be current smokers?

• females more than males

• asian americans more than native americans

• older adults more than younger adults

• economically marginalized people more than economically privileged people

economically marginalized people more than economically privileged people

cigarettes contain at least 60 types of …

carcinogens

who is more likely to gain more weight upon quitting smoking?

• abel, who is already overweight

• bella, who is not overweight

• cris, who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day

• d’wayne, who has tried to quit many times

abel, who is already overweight

nicotine…

creates the need for a ‘fix’ in addicted smokers

when the nicotine content of cigarettes is lowered, smokers tend to …

take more puffs of low-nicotine cigarettes

which of the following is most accurate about the effects of national health campaigns to reduce rates of smoking?

• if the number of people who are exposed to the message is large, many people will quit

• television campaigns are no longer effective

• the price of cigarettes does not affect who smokes

• campaigns focused on making smoking unacceptable are not effective

if the number of people who are exposed to the message is large, many people will quit

people who smoke…

believe that smoking is dangerous as much as nonsmokers do

what is true of smoking and weight gain?

• smokers do not gain weight while smoking

• quitting smoking does not result in weight gain

• five years after quitting, former smokers’ weight is similar to those who never smoked

• smokers who quit often gain a substantial amount of weight

five years after quitting, former smokers’ weight is similar to those who never smoked

some ex-smokers ‘‘slip’’ and have one cigarette. then, they equate this slip with a full relapse and resume smoking at their former rate, this phenomenon is called…

abstinence violation effect

more intensive cessation programs are more expensive; research indicates that…

the expense is worth it because those programs are more effective

Than h says that he wants to quit smoking and is considering using nicotine replacement to help him quit, what is your advice to him?

nicotine replacement therapy can help people stop smoking; give it a try

the decline in the rate of cigarette smoking in the united states can be traced to…

advertising ban, warning labels on cigarette packages, increased prices for cigarettes

what is true of cigarette consumption in the united states?

• native americans have a lower rate of cigarette consumption than asian americans do

• income barriers make smoking less attractive for people in economically marginalized situations

• graduating high school makes it less likely that someone will smoke cigarettes

• smoking levels increase with age

graduating high school makes it less likely that someone will smoke cigarettes

highest death toll from passive smoking is …

heart disease

joe wants to lose weight and has started smoking. what is likely true of joe?

joe will gain weight

what have researchers found about about behavioral smoking cessation programs?

client-practitioner contact correlates positively with effectiveness

what is the most typical of behavioral approaches toward smoking cessation?

most behavioral approaches typically include a combination of strategies

which country where tobacco use was popular has successfully eliminated the habit?

• norway

• china

• the united states

none

cigarette smoking in the united states reached its peak per capita consumption…

during the middle of the 1960s

which of these smokers exhibits an optimistic bias?

• amit overestimates the danger of smoking and believes he has a very high chance of developing a smoking-related disease before age 60

• shanoz believes that smoking is not really dangerous and she has about the same risk of smoking-related disease as other people have

• former smoker muhammad overestimates the danger of smoking and believes that she has about the same risk for smoking-related disease as his chain-smoking sister does

• pedro understands the danger of smoking but believes that his risk of getting a smoking-related disease is less than other smokers

pedro understands the danger of smoking but believes that his risk of getting a smoking-related disease is less than other smokers

the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange is the

Alveoli

Pamir is upset because she keeps trying to quit, but the stress which accompanies quitting smoking consistently leads to relapse. What is Pamir experiencing?

Cessation fatigue

What is water-soluble residue of tobacco smoke condensate called?

Tars

What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?

Cancer

Esme is 14 years old and has smoked about 200 cigarettes in her lifetime. Esme should know that…

Quitting right now will be quite difficult for her

T/F: the food and drug administration classifies marijuana as a schedule 1 drug

True

T/F: Regardless of how much you drink, alcohol has negative effects on the cardiovascular system

False

T/F: Research has definitely proven that light to moderate drinking provides more health benefits than abstaining from drinking

False

T/F: A meta-analysis of studies on alcohol confirmed that expectancy plays an important role in alcohol effects

True

T/F: Alcohol is a drug that does not produce withdrawal symptoms

False

T/F: Most psychologist regard alcoholism as a disease

False

T/F: Women are more likely than men to seek treatment for problem drinking

False

T/F: Epigenetic Studies indicate that stress can trigger a predisposition to alcohol abuse

True

T/F: Most psychoactive drugs caused damage to the nervous system

False

T/F: The most commonly used drug in the United States is marijuana

False

Maria is a licensed professional counselor who has just begun working with people with alcohol abuse disorder. She read some studies on control drinking and she plans to help people learn to control the rate of alcohol consumption. Maria should know that…

Most treatment facilities in the United States do not support this goal

Per capita alcohol conception, decreased dramatically after 18:30 in the United States because of…

The spread of the temperance movement

The most common form of treatment for problem drinking is…

Through self-help groups

Amphetamines…

Can cause hallucinations and delusions

Anabolic steroids…

Decrease body fat and increase muscle mass

Which of the following is an indirect effect of alcohol consumption?

• The relationship between drinking and cirrhosis Of the liver

• The relationship between drinking and motor vehicle crashes

• an Increased risk of fetal alcohol syndrome in Pregnant woman

• A decrease in thiamin Absorption through consuming alcohol

The relationship between drinking and motor vehicle crashes

What condition refers to the accumulation of nonfunctional scar tissue in the liver?

Cirrhosis

According to social learning theory, people begin drinking because

• Alcohol has pleasurable and immediate effects

• Alcohol offers an escape from an unpleasant situation

• They see other people drinking and learn from them

• All the above

All the above

In the United States, people of this ethnic background tend to have the highest rates of binge Drinking and heavy drinking

Native Americans

What percentage of adults in the United States are classified as current drinkers

68%

The drugs naltrexone and acamprosate are chemical treatments for alcohol use disorders…

That have shown modest But positive results

In contrast to psychologically based treatment programs or treatment programs in Canada, Europe, and Australia, the US medical community tends to privilege _______

The disease model

During the mid-1800s in the United States, the most significant political movement regarding alcohol consumption advocated…

Prohibition or the Abstinence from alcohol

Barbiturates are synthetic drugs, that…

Produce both tolerance and dependence

The disease model explains why People ______

Drink too much better than why people start drinking

What was the effect of the passage of the 18th amendment to the United States Constitution on alcohol consumption?

Consumption decreased dramatically from previous levels

Which of these conditions is positively related to light and moderate alcohol consumption?

• Increased depression

• Decrease bone density

• Decreased heart disease

• Decrease general health

Decreased heart disease

Reviews of psychological interventions from problem, drinking show…

Cognitive behavioral therapies are the most consistently effective

What type of relationship has been found between drinking alcohol and anxiety Or tension

Alcohol increases anxiety for somebody, but decreases it for others

People who have been drinking…

Are more willing to have unprotected sex

The balanced placebo designed by Marlatt And his colleagues has been used to measure…

The role of expectancy in alcohol’s affects

In most studies of the relationship between drinking immortality rate a J-shaped or U-shaped relationship has been found. This pattern suggests that…

Light and moderate drinkers have a lower death rate than non-drinkers and heavy drinkers

What is the most widely consumed drug in the United States

Alcohol

In the United States, what percentage of people are considered binge drinkers?

26%

What drug has some hallucinogenic Properties, but like most other characteristics of hallucinogens

Marijuana

Sam has just taken a drug that leaves him feeling relaxed, but it has the side effect of giving him a cough. Sam has most likely

• Consumed alcohol

• Smoked marijuana

• Consumed MDMA

• Smoked crack cocaine

Consumed MDMA

All of the following drugs could be classified as stimulus EXCEPT

• Marijuana

• Caffeine

• Nicotine

• Cocaine

Marijuana

For problem, drinkers most relapses occurs how long after the end of the treatment program

90 days

Subjects Q was involved in a fatal crash related to drinking. what is most likely true of subject Q

• He is a 74-year-old old man

• She is a 24-year-old woman

• He is a 30-year-old man

• She is a 60-year-old woman

He is a 30-year-old man