Modern History

Define the term counterculture

hippies believe in anti-conformity, individualism, and anti-materialism

Explain why the counterculture was so large in the 60s

biggest generation

Describe the fashion of the counterculture of the 60s

loose clothing, long hair, facial hair, got their idea ideas from the working class

Identify/describe the art style of the 60s

pop art, colorful, optical illusions, Andy Warhal

Explain the reasons for the sexual revolution

The pill is legalized, people live together before marriage, books on sexuality came out

Identify the types of drugs that became popular in the 60s

psychedelic drugs pop., promoted by Timothy Leony (Harvard Prof.), led to celeb. overdoses

Identify the types of music that became popular in the 60s

folk music, Beetlemania(beetles made rock more pop.), acid rock (drug influenced songs).

identify the large music concert in 1969

Woodstock brought all genres together

Explain why some oppose the counterculture

They are bringing down society

Identify when and why the counterculture ended/disappeared

by the 80s, hippies disappear because if you want to succeed, you have to assimilate and conform to society

Explain why environmental protection grew in the 60s and 70s

believed products, or technology is harming the environment.

-want company's + gov. to take responsibility

Explain the book silent spring, and identify the author

Rachel Carson, showed the harm of pesticides (DDT), leads to the ban (DDT)

explain the problems with nuclear power

purpose: to replace nonrenewable energy(oil, gas).

Issues: water pollution, leakage.

Identify how the government reacted to the nuclear power concerns

Nuclear Regulatory Commission- regulate power plants (gov. checks them)

Identify have the government reacted to environmental concerns

Earth Day- to bring awareness about environmental issues.

Environmental protection agency

-regulates air + water pollution.

Explain how the Warren court promoted the right to privacy

A state can't prohibit contraceptives

Explain how the Warren court promoted defendant rights

The right to a lawyer, to remain silent, must be informed of rights

explain how the Warren court promoted freedom of the press

famous people can only sue for libel (lies) if they can prove malice ( harm).

explain how the Warren court promoted freedom of religion

Prayers in school unconstitutional

Describe the economy during the Nixon era and how he reacted to it ( NIXON)

economy wasn't good in 70s, imposed a 90 day price freeze, takes US off gold standard (supply and demand), raised tariffs, Affirmative Action(hiring minorities).

Explain the silent majority

appeals to conservative Americans (not protesting), tries to appeal by slowing down integration, appoints Southerners to the Supreme Court

Explain the issue with the middle east during Nixon's administration

US supports Israel, Middle East not happy, OPEC put an embargo on oil.

Explain Nixon's relations with China.

Nixon went to China, opened relations, outsourcing began.

Explain Nixon's relations with the Soviet Union.

Made treaties ABM + SALT, limit nukes (5), check eachother.

Explain the background that led up to the Watergate break-in.

Nixon up for re-election, wants to win in a landslide.

Explain the Watergate break-in.

CREEP - Committee to Re-elect the Pres., broke into Dem. headquarters of Watergate to set up wire taps, CAUGHT!

Explain Nixon's role in the Watergate scandal.

Nixon tries to stop investigation, Sat. Night Massacre- many advisors quit or resign, Congress orders to hear the white tapes, Nixon refuses.

Explain how the other branches of government kept Nixon in check.

Supreme Court says MUST be turned over, tapes finally turned over, 18 mins missing.

Identify Nixon's response to the investigation / impeachment

Impeachment likely, Nixon resigns, Ford is now pres.

Explain the good and bad lessons that resulted from the Watergate scandal.

Check + balances work - good, people dont trust gov. - bad

Explain the reason for the energy crisis during the 70s. ( Jimmy Carter)

Gas + Oil issue continues, economy still bad - effect on Am.

Explain the economic situation during Carter's administration.

Bad, Carter blames US relying on foreign oil.

Explain Carter's human rights ideas.

Speaks out against human issues in Africa, treaty between Israel + Egypt, gave Panama back the Canal.

Explain the Iran Hostage Affair.

Shah (leader of Iran) overthrown, Iran upset bc US shelters him, Iran militants take over US Embassy in Iran - took hostages, Carter- froze Iran assets, tries a rescue attempt (failed).

Explain what happened regarding the Cold War during the Carter era.

Soviets invaded Afghanistan, US sanctions + boycott Olympics due to being in Moscow.

Explain the aspects of the New Right under Reagan (R). (REAGAN)

Concerned w/ abortion, homosexuality, pornography. Want to restore Christian values, wants to cut social programs (wellfare, etc.)

Explain Reaganomics.

Trickle Down Theory, bus. makes tax cuts for the rich, in hopes that $$ will trickle down to the working class.

Explain how Reagan got involved in business.

Cuts regulations of business (laissez-faire), Air Traffic Controller Strike - Reagan steps in + stops the strike, no one complains b/c we want airplanes.

Explain your opinion on whether Reaganomics was good or bad.

Bad economy again.

Explain how Reagan changed the Supreme Court.

Appoints Sandra Day O'Connor, 1st women in Supreme Court.

Explain Reagan's role in the Iran Hostage Crisis.

The day Reagan took office, the hostages were released.

Explain the Iran-Contra affair.

Background: Hostages held in Iran, US wants to overthrow Nicaragua leader, Iran-Contra Affair: US gave supplies to Iran, Iran will then support overthrowing Nic leader. Result: This secret deal comes out years later.

Explain the reason, event, and result of U.S involvement in Lebanon.

Reason: unhappy that we support Jewish-Israel, Event: US Embassy + mil. base are bombed in Lebanon, Result: Reagan pulls US mil. out of Lebanon, no war. (we learned from Vietnam)

Explain the reason, event, and result of U.S involvement in Nicaragua, El Salvador, & Grenada (South America)

Both countries having political issues, we send in troops to support pro-Am. gov.'s.

Explain how Reagan responded to the Cold War.

Reagan spends trillions of defense against Commi., "Star Wars" - he wants to create a satellite shield that will shoot down incoming missiles.

Identify the new immigration

Most immigrants came from Latin Am. + Asia, used to be Europeans.

Explain how the government has reacted to the new immigration. (be specific) - Laws

LBJ got rid of the biased immigration laws.

Identify some of the new issues regarding immigrants

Jobs, services (unemployment), assimilation, latinos - biggest minority today.

Explain the changes in the American family in current years.

People get married older, marriage rate down, fewer kids, higher divorce rate, disappearance of nuclear family.

Explain the effects of the new computer age. - (80's)

More + quick information, helps bus. - good, does it replace people in jobs? - bad.

Explain how Gorbachev's actions led to the end of the Cold War (Slowly makes it free)

Gorbachev (Soviet leader), Glasnost = Gorb. intro free speech, Perestroika = Gorb. intro individual bus./capitalism, Community party eventually loses power.

Explain how the Cold War ended

Wall comes down/Cold War is over.

Explain how the end of the Cold War affected life in America.

Am. now isnt spending $$ on weapons, they have too much money - bad for economy.

Explain the effect of the nomination of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. (BUSH)

- Supreme Court Nominee

Appoints Clarence Thomas -- questionable past, Anita Hill comes out w/ sexual harassment - Every workplace/school has sexual harassment policies, its sueable

Explain the reason, event, and result

of U.S. involvement in Panama.

Reason-Panama Pres. Noreiga accused of drug smuggling into U.S. Event- U.S. sends troops into Panama. Result- Noreiga arrested/tried/jailed in U.S.

Explain the reason, event, and result

of U.S. involvement in the Persian

Gulf. (Middle East)

Reason-Saddam Hussein (leader of Iraq) invaded Kuwait. Event-UN tells Iraq to get out, they don't, US sends troops (Operation Desert Storm) Result-We kick Iraq out.

Explain Clinton's economic reform. (CLINTON)

Balance the Budget, cut gov. spending, increasing taxes.

Explain Clinton's welfare reform.

Family limited to 5 year lifetime on welfare, required most adults to find work within 2 years.

Explain the reason, event, and result

of U.S. involvement in Somalia.

Reason-Somalia faces famine + Civil War. Event-Clinton sends troops to protect supplies, US troops attacked. Results- US gets out.

Explain the reason, event, and result

of U.S. involvement in

Bosnia-Herzegovina & Kosovo.

Reason-When Cold War ended, Ethnic groups began to fight. Event-NATO sends troops.

Results- Seperate countries today.

Explain the reason, event, and result

of U.S. involvement in Israel and

Palestine.

Reason-Israel was Palestine. Israel was given to Jews after WWII, Muslims moved to Gaza + West Bank. Event-fighting breaks out, negotiations start. Result-Palestinians given some autonomy in West Bank + Gaza.

Explain the reason and results of

Clinton's impeachment.

Clinton was on trial for sexual harassment on the stand he denied having sexual relations w/ Monica Lewinsky, impeachment charge perjury/obstruction of justice. Result-he won.

Explain the event of Sept. 11, 2001.

4 planes hijacked, 2 into World Trade Center, 1 into Pentagon, 1 in a PA field.

Explain the results of Sept. 11, 2001.

Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, US invaded (thought Mussein was helping), Homeland Security Created.