DPT 745 (Lecture 6)

Name the structures.

1. Parietal Bone

2. Lambda

3. Occipital Bone

4. Temporal Bone

5. Sutural Bone

6. External Occipital Protuberance

7. External acoustic meatus opening

8. Temporomadibular joint

9. Styloid process

10. Zygomatic arch

11. Zygomatic bone

12. Posterior border of ramus of mandible

13. Angle of mandible

14. Mandible

15. Inferior border of mandible

16. mental foramen

17. Maxilla

18. Lacrimal Bone

19. Nasal Bone

20. Glabella

21. Sphenoid bone

22. Frontal bone

23. Coronal suture

24. Bregma

25. Temporal fossa

Name the structure.

1. Nasal Bone

2. Optic canal

3. Superior and inferior orbital fissure

4. Zygomatic arch

5. Zygomatic bone

6. Maxilla

7. Ramus of mandible

8. Mandible

9. Angle of mandible

10. Inferior border of mandible

11. Mental foramen

12. Inferior nasal concha

13. Vomer

14. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

15. Lacrimal bone

16. Sphenoid bone

17. Temporal fossa

18. Supra-orbital margin of frontal bone

19. Superciliary arch

20. Supra-orbital foramen

21. Glabella

Name the structures.

1. Condyloid Process (Posterior part)

2. Coronoid Process (Anterior part)

What does the Neurocranium house and what are the bones of the neurocranium?

It houses the brain

1. Occipital 2. Sphenoid 3. Frontal 4. Parietal 5. Temporal 6. Ethmoid

What does the Viscerocranium house and what are the bone?

It houses the faces

1. Palatine 2. Zygomatic 3. Nasal 4. Vomer 5. Maxillae 6. Mandible

Name the Bones.

1. Frontal Bone

2. Sphenoid Bone

3. Nasal Bone

4. Inferior concha bone

5. Ethmoid bone

6. Vomer bone

7. Zygomatic bone

8. Maxilla bone

9. Mandible bone

Name the Structure.

1. Parietal bone

2. Occiptial bone

3. Temporal bone

4. Sphenoid bone

5. Lacrimal bone

What is the Zygomatic arch consist of?

1. Zygomatic process of temporal bone

2. Temporal process of zygomatic bone

Name the structures.

1. Vertex (most superior aspect of head)

2. Sagittal fissure

3. Lambda

4. Lamboid suture

Name the structures.

1. Coronal Suture

2. Sagittal suture

3. Lambdoid suture

4. Lambda

5. Bregma

Name the structures.

1. Horizontal Plate (Palatine)

2. Medial and lateral plates of pterygoid process (Sphenoid)

3. Jugular foramen (Temporal)

4. Palatine process (Maxilla)

5. Mandibular fossa (Temporal)

6. Styloid process (Temporal)

7. Stylomastoid foramen (Temporal)

8. Mastoid process (Temporal)

9. Foramen Magnum

10. External Occipital protuberance

11. Superior nuchal line

Name the structures.

1. Greater wing of sphenoid bone

2. Hypophysial fossa (sphenoid bone)

3. Dorsum sellae (Sphenoid bone)

4. Foramen lacerum

5. Diploe (Front bone)

6. Lesser wing of sphenoid bone

7. Optic canal (sphenoid bone)

8. Superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone)

9. Foramen rotundum (sphenoid)

10. Foramen spinosum (sphenoid)

11. Opening of internal acoustic meatus (temporal)

12. Hypoglossal canal (Occiptial)

13. Foramen magnum

CN1

Olfactory — Smell (Olfactory mucosa of nose) — special Sensory

CN II

Optic — Vision (Retina of eye) — special Sensory

CN III

Oculomotor — Eye movement, pupil constriction (intraocular and four extra-ocular )— Motor

CN IV

Trochlear — Eye movement (superior oblique) — Motor

CN V

Trigeminal — Facial sensation, mastication (Derivatives of frontonasal process and 1st pharayngeal) — Both

CN VI

Abducens — Eye movement (lateral rectus) — Motor

CN VII

Facial — Facial expression, taste (anterior 2/3 tongue), lacrimation, salivation — Both

CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear — Hearing and balance — Special Sensory - Internal ear

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal — Taste (posterior 1/3), salivation, carotid body reflexes — Both- Derivatives of 3rd pharyngeal

CN X

Vagus — Parasympathetic to thoracoabdominal viscera, voice, swallowing — Both- Derivatives of 4th pharyngeal arch

CN XI

Accessory (Spinal) — Shoulder and neck muscles (SCM, trapezius) — Motor

CN XII

Hypoglossal — Tongue movement — Motor

What is a mnemonic for the cranial nerves?

Oh- Olfactory

Oh- Optic

Oh- Oculomotor

To- Trochlear

Take- Trigeminal

A- Abducens

Family- Facial

Vacation- Vestibulocochlear

Go- Glossopharyngeal

Vegas- Vagus

After- Spinal Accessory

Hours- Hypoglossal

What is a mnemonic for Cranial nerve type of fibers?

"Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More"

CN I (Olfactory) — where does it enter the cranial cavity?

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid (from nasal cavity)

CN II (Optic) — what canal does it pass through?

Optic canal

CN III (Oculomotor) — what does it exit through?

Superior orbital fissure

CN IV (Trochlear) — what does it exit through?

Superior orbital fissure

CN V₁ (Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal) — exit?

Superior orbital fissure

CN V₂ (Maxillary) — exit?

Foramen rotundum

CN V₃ (Mandibular) — exit?

Foramen ovale

CN VI (Abducens) — exit?

Superior orbital fissure

CN VII (Facial) — entry and exit pathway?

Enters internal acoustic meatus, exits skull via stylomastoid foramen

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear) — entry?

Internal acoustic meatus

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) — exit?

Jugular foramen

CN X (Vagus) — exit?

Jugular foramen

CN XI (Accessory) — pathway?

Enters via foramen magnum, exits via jugular foramen

CN XII (Hypoglossal) — exit?

Hypoglossal canal

What How many nerves stem from the trigeminal n.? name the structures.

3 nerves stem from the trigeminal n.

1. Opthalmic n. (CNV1)

2. Maxillary n. (CNV2)

3. Mandibular n. (CNV3)

4. Trigeminal n. (CN V)

Name the structures

1. Oculomotor n (CN III)

2. Trochlear n. (CN IV)

3. Abducence n (CN VI)

Name the structure.

1. CN III Oculomotor n.

2. CN IV Trochlear n

3. CN VI Abducent n.

Name the structure

1. Crista galli of ethmoid bone

2. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

What nerve passes through the cribriform plate, and what does it connect?

CN I (Olfactory); connects nasal cavity to olfactory bulbs of the brain

Name the structure.

1. Optic Canal

2. Superior Orbital

3. Foramen rotundum

4. Foramen spinosum

5. Foramen ovale

6. Foramen lacerum

What passes through the optic canal?

Optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery

What cranial nerve passes through the foramen rotundum?

: Maxillary nerve (CN V₂)

What structures pass through the foramen ovale?

Mandibular nerve (CN V₃) and accessory meningeal artery

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

CN III, IV, V₁, VI, ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

Middle meningeal artery/vein and meningeal branch of CN V₃

What structures are associated with the foramen lacerum?

Internal carotid artery (with sympathetic and venous plexi)

What passes through the foramen magnum? (Posterior fossa)

Medulla, meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI (spinal root), dural veins, anterior & posterior spinal arteries

What cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen? (posterior fossa)

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal), X (Vagus), and XI (Accessory)

What vessels and sinuses pass through the jugular foramen? (posterior fossa)

Superior bulb of internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus

What arteries pass through the jugular foramen? (posterior fossa)

Meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

What passes through the hypoglossal canal? (posterior fossa)

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

What is diploë?

Spongy bone located between the inner and outer tables of the cranial bones

What are the cranial meninges?

Three membranes that surround the brain and continue with the meninges of the spinal cord

Name the three cranial meninges.

Dura mater (fused to periosteum), arachnoid mater, pia mater

What are the two parts of the dura mater in the cranial cavity?

Periosteal dura and meningeal dura

What is the periosteal dura?

The outer layer of the dura mater, continuous with the periosteum of the inner surface of the skull

What is the meningeal dura?

The inner layer of the dura mater, continuous with the dura of the spinal cord

What is the arachnoid mater?

A delicate membrane that lines the inner surface of the dura mater

What are arachnoid trabeculae?

Fine extensions of arachnoid mater that span the subarachnoid space and attach to the pia mater

What is the subarachnoid space?

The space between the arachnoid and pia mater, filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

What is the pia mater?

A vascular, delicate membrane that closely adheres to the surface of the brain

Name the structure.

1. Periosteal layer (dura mater)

2. Meningeal layer (dura mater)

3. Arachnoid mater

4. Pia mater

5. Subarachnoid space (filled CSF)

6. Superior sagittal sinus (filled with venous blood)

The separation of what create dural venous sinuses

The separation of meningeal dura from periosteal dura

What lines the dural venous sinuses and what are their functions?

Endothelium (same as blood vessels) and They drain venous blood from the brain and meninges

What do dural folds do?

They are infoldings of the meningeal dura that dip into fissures between parts of the brain

What are the four dural folds of the brain?

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

What is Falx Cerebri?

It seperates the cerebral hemisphere [longitudinal fissure]

What dural venous sinuses are associated with the falx cerebri?

Superior sagittal sinus (superior margin) and inferior sagittal sinus (inferior margin)

What is the falx cerebelli?

It separates the cerebellar hemisphere

What sinus is associated with the falx cerebelli?

Occipital sinus

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

It separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

What dural venous sinus is found along the edge of the tentorium cerebelli?

Transverse sinus

What is the diaphragma sellae?

Closes off the pituitary gland

What structure passes through the diaphragma sellae?

Infundibulum (pituitary stalk) connecting the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

Name the structure.

1. Falx cerebri (cerebral falx)

2. Tentorium cerebelli (inferior surface)

3. Falx cerebelli (cerebellar falx)

Name the Structure.

1. Falx cerebri

2. Tentorium cerebelli

3. Diaphragma sellae

Name the structure

1. Diaphragma Sellae

Name the structure.

1. Lumen of dural venous sinus

2. Arachnoid granulations (small protrusions of the arachnoid membrane (a thin layer of tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord) into the dural sinuses, which are large veins that drain blood from the brain. They play a crucial role in the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

What are the 9 dural sinuses?

1. Superior sagittal sinus

2. Inferior sagittal sinus

3. Transverse sinus

4. Straight sinus

5. Occipital sinus

6. Cavernous sinuses

7. Superior petrosal sinus

8. Inferior petrosal sinus

9. Sigmoid sinus

Name the structure.

1. Superior sagittal sinus

2. Inferior sagittal sinus

3. Straight sinus

4. Transverse sinus

5. Occipital sinus

6. Sigmoid sinus

7. Superior petrosal

8. Inferior petrosal

9. Cavernous sinus

Name the structure.

1. Cavernous sinus

2. Superior petrosal sinus

3. Inferior petrosal sinus

4. Sigmoid sinus

5. Straight sinus

6. Superior sagittal sinus

7. Inferior sagittal sinus

8. Right transverse sinus

Name the structure.

1. Anterior cerebral

2. Middle cerebral

3. Internal carotid

4. Cerebral arterial circle

5. Basilar

6. Vertebral

Name the structures

1 and 2. Extradural (epidural hematoma)

3. Dura border (subdural hematoma)

4. Subarachnoid hemmorrhage

If you have a stroke is it better to have a fracture related one or not and tell me why?

It is better to have a fracture related stroke because there is pressure to go out the head whereas a stroke w/ out a fracture there is no pressure to release so the pressure get pressed onto the brain.

What structures are included in the cerebrum?

The cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia.

What separates the cerebral hemispheres?

The falx cerebri within the longitudinal cerebral fissure.

Into how many lobes is each cerebral hemisphere divided?

Four lobes.

What are the names of the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

Name the structures

1. Gyri (Bumps)

2. Sulci (Valley)

3. Central Sulcus

4. Longitudinal cerebral fissure

5. Central sulcus

6. Cerebrum

From a superior view, which two landmarks divide the cerebrum into quarters?

The longitudinal cerebral fissure and the central sulcus

What sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

The central sulcus

Where is the temporal lobe located in relation to the lateral sulcus?

Inferior to the lateral sulcus.

What sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes?

The parieto-occipital sulcus.

What are the three components of the diencephalon?

Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus.