Phoneme Acquisition/Developmental Stages - Praxis

Stage 1 - Phonation Stage

Infant vocal developmental stage that occurs from birth-1 month

Stage 1: Phonation Stage

reflexive vocalizations (crying, coughing) and vocalizations resembling vowels

Stage 2: "Coo and Goo stage"

Infant vocal development stage that occurs from 2-3 months

Stage 2 - Coo and Goo Stage

stage that consists of back vowel sounds, primitive CV and VC syllable sequences

Stage 3 - Expansion - Exploration

Infant vocal development stage that occurs from 3-8 months

Stage 3: Expansion/Exploration

stage that consists of a period of vocal play (squeals, rasberries, yells, growls)

Stage 4: Canonical Babbling

infant vocal development stage that occurs from 5-10 months

Stage 4: Canonical Babbling

stage that consists of babbling of reduplicated and non-reduplicated syllables. Parents often mistake for first words in this stage

Stage 5: Advanced Forms

infant vocal development stage that occurs from 9-18 months

Stage 5: Advanced Forms

stage that consists of variegated babbling, variety of CV sequences ("putika). Resemble real statements but still aren't real words

- b, n, m, p, h, w, d

(Baby narwhals move persistently headed west by dark)

Phonemes acquired by end of year 2

- g, k, f, t, ing, y

(Three foxes go kicking you)

Phonemes acquired by end of year 3

- v, d3, s, dge, l, sh, z

Phonemes acquired by end of year 4

- r, th (voiced), 3

Phonemes acquired by end of age 5

- th (voiceless)

Phonemes acquired by end of age 6

velar assimilation

"kack" for "tack"

3 yrs

Age of elimination for velar assimilation

nasal assimilation

"money" for "funny"

3 yrs

Age of elimination for nasal assimilation

fronting

"tar" for "car"

4 yrs

Age of elimination for fronting

Stopping

"pun" for "fun"

"doo" for zoo"

"top" for "shop"

- /f, s/ - 3 yrs

- /z, v/ - 4 yrs

- sh, ch, j, th - 5 yrs

Age of elimination for stopping

gliding

"wabbit" for "rabbit"

6-7 yrs

age of elimination for gliding

Deaffrication

"ship" for "chip"

4 yrs

age of elimination for deaffrification

cluster reduction

"top" for "stop"

- with /s/ - 5 yrs

- without /s/ - 4 yrs

age of elimination for cluster reductions

weak syllable deletion

"nana" for "banana"

4 yrs

age of elimination for weak syllable deletion

final consonant deletion

"bu" for "bus"

3 yrs

age of elimination for final consonant deletion