Cell Physiology and Cell Membrane Quiz

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) __________, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) _______.

modifies proteins; has the enzymes to produce phospholipids

The Golgi complex ________________.

packages proteins into vesicles for secretion from a cell

RNA ____________, while DNA____________.

contains ribose; contains deoxyribose

During transcription the DNA is used as a template to make __________.

messenger RNA (mRNA)

During translation _____________.

amino acids are linked together to form proteins

The processes of mitosis and cytokinesis ___________. Select all that apply

produce daughter cells to replace worn out or damaged cells

Correct answer:

produce new cells that allow the body to grow

The __________ during prophase.

nuclear envelope disappears

The DNA is replicated during ____________.

the S phase of interphase

The __________ during anaphase.

chromatids separate

Lysosomes _____________.

digest worn out or damaged organelles

The mitochondria _______________.

use oxygen to generate ATP

________________ are gained from glycolysis.

Two ATP and two NADH

Glucose __________ during glycolysis.

gets split into two pyruvates

________________ are gained during the citric acid cycle.

Two ATP, six NADH and two FADH₂

Pyruvate ______________.

is converted into Acetyl CoA during the preparatory reaction

ATP ____________.

stores energy in its phosphate bonds

NADH ____________.

passes high energy electrons off to the electron transport system

We breathe so ______________ can accept low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.

oxygen

The cell membrane can be described as _________________ since it allows some substances to easily cross, but not others.

selectively permeable

__________________ uses a transport protein to move substances from their region of high concentration to their region of low concentration.

Facilitated diffusion

______________ uses ATP and a transport protein to move substances from their region of low concentration to their region of high concentration.

Active transport

_____________occurs when substances are contained within a vesicle and then released from the cell.

Exocytosis

______________ prevent substances from moving between neighboring cells.

Tight junctions

___________ extracellular environments have more solutes and less water than the intracellular environment.

Hypertonic

___________ extracellular environments have fewer solutes and more water than the intracellular environment.

Hypotonic

The steeper the concentration gradient the slower a substance diffuses.

False

The larger the surface area the faster a substance diffuses.

True

The larger the distance a substance has to travel the faster the rate of diffusion.

False

____________ allow materials to move directly from the cytosol of one cell to the cytosol of a neighboring cell.

Gap junctions

Transfer RNA (tRNA) _______________.

delivers amino acids to the ribosome