Organic Molecules and Enzymes Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing vocabulary related to organic molecules and enzymes.

Organic Compounds

Compounds that contain carbon.

Isomers

Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures.

Macromolecules

Large molecules also known as polymers.

Carbohydrates

A key source of energy found in most foods, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Monosaccharides

Single sugars, building blocks of carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose.

Disaccharides

Two monosaccharides joined together, such as sucrose.

Polysaccharides

Many sugars joined together, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

Lipids

Nonpolar molecules composed of a carboxyl group; includes fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.

Saturated Fatty Acid

A fatty acid in which all carbon atoms are linked by a single covalent bond.

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A fatty acid in which some carbon atoms are linked by a double covalent bond.

Nucleic Acids

Long chains of smaller molecules called nucleotides that store information in cells.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups.

Enzymes

A substance, typically a protein, that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy.