Molecular Shape and Bonding 1+2 Review

These flashcards cover key concepts in molecular shape, bonding, ionic and covalent properties, Lewis theory, electronegativity, and dipoles from the lecture.

What are the three main types of chemical bonds discussed in the lecture?

Metallic, ionic, and covalent bonds.

What is a characteristic of ionic bonds?

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

What does Lewis theory state about electrons in ionic compounds?

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another, forming ions.

What is the Octet Rule in relation to ionic compounds?

Atoms achieve stability by having eight electrons in their valence shell.

What is a property of ionic compounds?

They have high melting and boiling points.

What occurs during the formation of a covalent bond?

Two atoms share electrons.

How do you represent valence electrons in Lewis structures?

Using dots or crosses.

What defines a polar covalent bond?

Electrons are shared unequally between two different atoms.

What is electronegativity?

The ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons towards itself.

What is the difference between a non-polar covalent bond and a polar covalent bond?

Non-polar bonds have an electronegativity difference of 0.1-0.4; polar bonds have a difference of 0.5-1.9.

What is an electrostatic potential map used for?

To show charge distribution in molecules and determine the strength of electrostatic attraction.

What is a dipole moment?

A measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule.

What is the role of lone pairs in covalent bonding?

They are electrons that are not shared between atoms.

What happens to ionization energy in the formation of cations?

It is an endothermic process.

What is the significance of crystal lattice structure in ionic compounds?

It results from the highly ordered arrangement of ions, leading to stability and high lattice energy.

Why do chemists say 'there is no ionic bond'?

The interaction is due to electrostatic attractions, not a specific bond.

What can be inferred if a molecule has a formal charge?

It indicates that the bonding patterns differ from common patterns described by Lewis theory.

What happens to the energy during the acceptance of an electron by a non-metal?

It is an exothermic process.

What is the empirical formula representation for ionic compounds?

It gives the ratio of ions based on charge balance.