Bio ch. 2 Vocab Quiz 2

activation energy

energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction

amino acid

molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

bond energy

amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms, or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms

carbohydrate

molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugar and starches

catalyst

substances that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction

chemical reaction

process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds

endothermic

chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy

enzyme

protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms

equilibrium

condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate

exothermic

chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat

fatty acid

hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid

lipid

nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils

monomer

molecular subunit of a polymer

nucleic acid

polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material or organisms

polymer

large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers

product

substance formed by a chemical reaction

protein

polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids

reactant

substance that is changes by a chemical reaction

substrate

reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts