ART 480T - Understanding Animation Notes - Chapter 1

What does the Latin verb "animare" mean?

To give life to

According to Norman McClaren, what is animation NOT about?

Animation is not the art of drawings that move, but rather the art of movements that are drawn

Which animation school emphasized transforming reality rather than copying it?

The Zagreb School in former Yugoslavia

What technique did Czech animator Jan Svankmajer use animation for?

As a means of subversion to cast doubt over reality

In what year did Peter Mark Roget write the "Persistence of Vision" theory?

1825

What was the name of Richard Felton Outcault's main character that was printed yellow?

The Yellow Kid

Who made "The Enchanted Drawing" in 1900?

J. Stuart Blackton

What was considered the first fully animated film by Blackton?

Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906)

Which animator created "Little Nemo in Slumberland" in 1911?

Winsor McCay

What was the name of McCay's playful dinosaur character created in 1914?

Gertie the Dinosaur

Who pioneered the cel-animation process using translucent cels in 1913?

John R. Bray (incorporating initiatives by Earl Hurd)

What was the first synchronized sound cartoon, premiered by Disney in 1928?

Steamboat Willie

What technique did Disney develop to create depth perspective in animation?

The multiplane camera

According to the text, what does Sergei Eisenstein call the condition of mutability in animation?

Plasmaticness

What are the four key conventions that define hyper-realist animation according to the text?

Design/context/action approximates live-action reality; characters/objects subject to conventional physical laws; diegetic sound appropriateness; body construction corresponds to real world physics

What does Andy Darley call the type of realism that is recognizably real but beyond orthodox realism?

Second-order realism

According to William Moritz, what qualifies as "true animation"?

Animation that is non-objective and/or non-linear

Which animator used batik methods directly on film, influenced by primitive art forms?

Len Lye

What was Oskar Fischinger's film that was used in Disney's Fantasia?

His designs were used for Bach's 'Toccata and Fugue in D Minor'

What is the name of James Whitney's 1965 film named after the philosopher's stone in alchemy?

Lapis

According to the text, what is the smallest, most direct graphic mark an artist can use?

A dot (point)

What does Sergei Eisenstein define as "animism" in relation to animation?

A pre-rational, pre-scientific state of relatedness to the organic inter-connectedness of the natural world

Hans Richter's film "Rhythm 21" used what simple shape to concentrate on movement and time?

The square (or rectangle)

What does computer animator Larry Cuba call the principle of abstract expression within spatial context?

Design in motion

Which Norman McLaren film was prevented from being shown during WWII for being "too erotic and too Freudian"?

Love on the Wing (1938