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Lecture 4
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Earth/sun relationships
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1
What percent of Earth’s energy is from the sun?
over 99%
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2
The intensity of sunlight striking the Earth varies..
spatially with latitude and varies temporally with the seasons (day length) and btwn night and day.
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3
Variations in sunlight intensity causes…
__**unequal heating of the Earth’s surface, which transports energy across the globe**__**.**
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4
Earth’s Movemenrts are..
Rotation on its axis and revolution around the Sun
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5
Rotation
**the spinning of the Earth on its axis**
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6
Does the same side of the Earth always face the sun?
No, so the solar intensity varies
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7
Which direction does the Earth turn?
counterclockwise when viewed above the North Pole.
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8
Circle of illumination
forms between area of light (day) and dark (night)
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9
Revolution
**movement of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun (orbit is elliptical)**
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10
Perihelion
**when the Earth and Sun and closest to each other. Occurs on January 4th, little higher solar intensity.**
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11
**Aphelion**
**when the Earth and Sun are the furthest apart. Occurs on July 4th. little lower solar intensity**
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12
Earth has seasons because of these 5 things
1. revolution 2. rotation 3. Tilt of Earth’s on Axis 4. Axial parallelism 5. sphericity
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13
Earth has seasons due to
**Earth’s orientation to the Sun thus, the varying angle the Sun’s rays strike the Earth’s surface**
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14
Tilt (inclination) of Earth’s axis is
**23.5º**
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15
**axial parallelism**
orientation of the North Pole of the Earth toward a specific star
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16
**sphericity**
the fact that the Earth is a sphere
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17
Summer characteristics
longer days, higher solar altitude, more intense sunlight, more energy
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18
Winter
shorter days, lower solar altitude, less intense sunlight and less energy
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19
**Solar Altitude (SA)**
**the angle of the Sun above the horizon at any given latitude** **and varies with the seasons**
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20
When is the March Equinox
**March 20-21 (start of Spring in NH and start of Fall in SH)**
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21
When is the June Solstice?
**Jun 20-21 (start of summer in NH and start of Winter in SH)**
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22
When is the September Equinox?
**Sept 22-23 (start of Fall in NH and start of Spring in SH)**
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23
December Solstice
**Dec 21-22 (Start of Winter in NH and start of summer in SH)**
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24
Climatological Winter months in NH
**Dec, Jan, Feb**
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25
Climatological Spring months in NH
**Mar, Apr, May**
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26
Climatological Summer months in NH
**Jun, Jul, Aug**
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27
Climatological Fall months in NH
**Sep, Oct, Nov**
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