Chemical Bonds and Molecular Structure

Gen Chem 1: Lecture 4

What are the three basic types of chemical bonds?

Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic bonds.

What does the octet rule state?

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons.

What is lattice energy?

The energy required to completely separate a mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions.

What is the relationship between electronegativity and bond type?

The absolute value of the difference in electronegativity of two bonded atoms provides a rough measure of the polarity expected in the bond.

How do you identify a polar covalent bond?

When two atoms share electrons unequally, with electrons spending more time around the more electronegative atom.

What is the formula for calculating dipole moment?

µ = Qr, where Q is the magnitude of the partial charges and r is the distance between the charges.

How do you name binary acids?

Change the ending of the anion in the acid to -ic acid and add the prefix hydro- if it ends in -ide.

What is a resonance structure?

Multiple Lewis structures used to describe molecules where one structure cannot accurately depict the molecule.

What does VSEPR theory explain?

It predicts the molecular structure and approximate bond angles around a central atom based on electron pair repulsion.

What is the difference between molecular structure and electron pair geometry?

Molecular structure includes only the placement of atoms, while electron pair geometry includes all electron pairs.