Chapter 19 - The Settlement of the West

Archduke Maximilian

• 1863 - After being sent to Mexico, he antagonized Mexicans
• Violated the Monroe Doctrine

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Treaty of Washington

• 1871
• ^^Britain was granted $15.5 mil for Civil War damages^^
• During international arbitration, non-biased nations judged conflicts
• The last dispute between the US + UK

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Alaska

• Russia forming colonies in Alaska violated the Monroe Doctrine
• 1867 - US bought Alaska for $7.2 mil (Seward’s Folly)
• Provided the US with vast mineral wealth

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Indian Bureau

• Used to manage the Native Americans
• ^^Christianized + assimilated Native Americans into US society^^
• Corrupt agents benefitted from supplies

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Reservation System

• Federal gov’t set aside land for Native Americans
  • The crumbs of infertile land that weren’t settled by Americans
• Native Americans forced to stay on allotted lands

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Sioux Rebellion

• 1862
• ^^Dakota Sioux^^ ^^uprising against unfair Indian Bureau agents^^
• Wide resistance + sporadic fighting
• Hanged + separated to new reservations

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Sand Creek Massacre

• 1864
• John Chivington killed 200 Cheyenne Native Americans
• Destroyed the Cheyenne power structure

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Crazy Horse

• Lakota Sioux chief
• Tried to maintain long-standing Sioux traditions
• Alliance between the Sioux + Cheyenne
• ^^Helped Sitting Bull defeat Custer^^

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Geronimo

• Apache chief
• Resisted the Mexican + US gov’t
• Led raids + escaped capture

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Sitting Bull

• ^^Dakota Sioux medicine man + chief^^
• Huge role at the Battle of Little Big Horn
• Famous on Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show
• Led the famous Native American ghost dances

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George Armstrong Custer

• Served on the Seventh Cavalry
• Fought at the Battle of Little Big Horn
  • Miscalculated the Sioux + Cheyenne populations
  • Resulted in him being isolated + killed by Native Americans Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull

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Battle of Little Big Horn

• 1876
• Custer divided forces + didn’t properly scout the area
• Resulted in a Native American victory
• ^^Proved Native Americans are savages + refuse to cooperate^^

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Battle of Wounded Knee

• The Dakota Sioux fought against the US Army
• The Sioux were opposed to the Dawes Act

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Buffalo/Bison

• Provided sustenance for the Native Americans
• White hunters killed them for hides
• ^^After almost hunting the buffalo to extinction, Native Americans were no longer able to rely on them^^

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A Century of Dishonor

• 1881 - Written by Helen Hunt Jackson
• Protested against the unfair treatment of Native Americans

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Nez Perce War

• Chief Joseph led 700 Native Americans to Canada
• ^^Lobbied Congress to have Native Americans removed from reservations and back on their own land^^

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Dawes Severalty Act

• 1887
• Assimilated Native Americans
• Grant 160 acres to Native American families if they agreed to assimilate into the US population
• Increased Native American resistance

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Homestead Act

• Passed by Congress in 1862
• Encouraged settlement
• ^^White families were given 160 acres to work and settle^^
• Land eventually sold to companies + land speculators

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Frontier Thesis

• 1893 - Written by Frederick Jackson Turner
• Believed that western settlement strengthened citizens + democracy
• Spreading citizens around the US eased societal tension

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Telegraph

• ^^1844 - Invented by Samuel F.B. Morse^^
• 1861 - Telegraph line reached San Francisco
• Resulted in the communication revolution
• Western Union Telegraph Company monopoly
• Morse code
• 1866 - Transatlantic cable built between the US + UK

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Telephone

• ^^1876 - Invented by Alexander Graham Bell^^
• Contributed to the communication revolution
• American Telephone and Telegraph Company monopoly
• Boosted American economy

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Transcontinental Railroad

• 1862-1869 - Completed at Promontory Point, Utah
• Built by immigrants
• ^^Reduced travel time + able ship goods & people, helping the US economy^^
• Decimated buffalo herds while building

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Texas Longhorns

• Free-ranging
• Fed on Western Mississippi grasses
• Shipped by cowboys to meat-packing plants in Chicago

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Chicago

• Home to many meat-packing plants
  • Provided meat to all citizens
  • ^^The Jungle^^ ^^written by Upton Sinclair revealed the corruption and unsafe conditions inside these plants^^
• Transportation hub
• Rapid population growth

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BIG PICTURE

• 1862-1890 - Settled vast lands
• White encroachment on Native American land → Violent conflict
• Free Western land → Human migration
• Communication + transportation revolution
• Untapped resources + railroad construction → Economic boom

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