AP Environmental Science ( Unit 1 Test)

Predator

An animal that ‘‘prey’s’’ ( feeds) on others

Prey

An animal that’s caught & killed by another for food

Symbiosis

close & long term interactions between two species in an ecosystem

Mutalism

• Both species benefit

• Ex: Cleaner shrimp and fish

Commensalism

• One specie benefits and the other is neutral (meh)

• Ex: Whale and fish

Parasitism

• One specie benefits while the other is harmed

• Ex: fish and sea lice

Competition

when different or same species are competing for the same limited resource

Biodiversity

variety of life on Earth at the genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity

Biotic Factors

• Living organisms

• Ex: coral reef, fish, and trees

Abiotic Factors

• Non-living organisms

• Ex: water, rocks, clouds

1st Law of Thermodynamics

energy is never created nor destroyed

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

every time energy is transferred, some is lost as heat

NPP= GPP-R

• Equation

GPP

Gross primary productivity is total amount of sun energy ( all the sun)

NPP

Net- primary productivity is basically what is left over its biomass -→ leftover serve consumers and plants

Bottom Trawling

technique typically used to harvest scallops, crabs, and shrimp from the sea floor

Longlining

a fishing practice that is commonly used to catch large solitary species of fish

Bycatch

unintended species like dolphins, whales, turtles caught in nets

Ghost nets

Lost, abandoned, or discarded nets in the oceans that trap marine life