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Radical feminism
A version of feminist thought that suggests gender is a fundamental aspect of the way society functions and serves as an integral tool for distributing power and resources among people and groups.
Socialist feminism
A version of feminist thought that employs Marxist paradigms to view women as an oppressed social class
Sex role theory
The idea of a sex role begins with more general idea of a social role, a set of expectations attached to a particular status or position, such as white or Black, man or woman, gay or straight.
Allocation in doing gender
the way decisions get made about who does what, who gets what and who does not, who gets to make plans, and who gets to give orders or take them
Accountability in doing gender
the ways in which people gear their actions to specific circumstances so others will correctly recognize the actions for what they are
How does the process of doing gender work?
A theory of gender that claims gender is an accountable performance created and reinforced through individuals' interactions
Ethnomethodology
Uncovering assumptions in social life and interactions
Glass escalator
Invisible pressure for men to advance in their professions
Glass ceiling
Invisible barriers preventing women and minorities from advancement
Cisgender
Gender aligns with the assigned gender at birth
Transgender
Gender identity differs from sex categorization at birth
Intersex
Anatomical or genetic ambiguity about biological sex at birth
Intersectionality
The ways in which several demographic factors especially social class, race, ethnicity, and gender combine to affect people experiences.
Sociological imagination
Understanding personal hardships through historical and social context
Quantitative research
Empirical investigation of social issues using statistical analysis
Qualitative research
Study of how people define, experience, or understand social problems
Survey research
Collection of data through written questionnaires
Content analysis
a research method where the researcher attempts to codify or thematically analyze a written piece of work
Mixed Methods
research method that involves using and combining ideas and methods from both quantitative and qualitative research
Patriarchy
Society characterized by male dominance
Structural functionalism
Theory that considers how social phenomena function to maintain unity and order in society.
seeks to explain society as a complex system whose parts work together for stability and to promote solidarity.
Conflict theory
The sociological theory that focuses on dissent coercion, and antagonism in society
Sociologists use it to explain conflict and inequality between groups, including Social classes
Symbolic interactionism
A micro perspective that focuses on the meaning individuals ascribe to events, symbols, artifacts, and interactions as part of their interpretation and understanding of social reality
Social institution
Networks of structures in society that work to socialize the groups within them.
Examples: legal system, religion, military, education system
Social status
Honor or prestige attached to one's position in society
Social mobility
Upward or downward movement in social position over time
Social stratification
Categorization of people into socioeconomic tiers based on various factors
Social constructionism
Process by which people define a social problem into existence
Culture of poverty thesis
The idea that living in poverty leads to the acquisition of certain values and beliefs that perpetuate remaining in poverty
Racial minorities
Groups with less power than the majority
The veil
Psychological manifestation of racial segregation (the color line)
WEB DuBois' psychological wage
Tactic used by white capitalists to make white workers feel superior to non-whites
Symbolic ethnicity
Celebrating ethnicity without impacting daily lives
Institutional racism
Policies and practices embedded in social institutions that consistently and disproportionately favor members or the dominant/majority group while systematically excluding/disadvantaging people of color
Internalized racism
Belief in deserving mistreatment or accepting stereotypes about one's own group
Wage gap
Difference in earnings between women and men
Absolute measures of poverty
Establishing a poverty line for measurement
Means-tested programs
Government programs available only to individuals below a poverty line
Relative measures of poverty
a measure that looks at individuals or groups relative to the rest of their community or society rather than setting an absolute line
Participant observation
Researcher observes and studies people in everyday settings
Working class occupations
e.g. factory workers
Middle class occupations
e.g. teachers, businessmen
Upper class occupations
e.g. doctors, high-level businessmen
Census racial breakdown by Black
13%
Percent of college students who are women
58% of college students are women
Jim Crow
System of racialized segregation from 1965 to late 1960s
Balcks couldn't:
Vote
own their own labor
testify as a witness
obtain an equal education
Tokenistic fallacy
Perfunctory effort to be inclusive to minority groups
Expressive vs instrumental
Considering others' feelings vs goal-oriented behavior
Children in poverty in the US
9 million
Note
Flashcard