Chapter 26 APUSH WW2

Kellogg-Briand Pact

An international agreement between nations that attempted to outlaw war, but there was no enforcement to maintain this. It was seen is idealistic and ineffective. It aimed to promote peaceful resolutions and stopping countries from going after each other when they want something.

Dawes Plan

Created by Charles Dawes, its goal was to help Germany stabilize their economy while paying back France and Britain post WW1. It provided loans to Germany, that they used to pay back Britain and France, who then spent that money to pay back the United States. The money went in a circle pattern in which it ultimately just created a largest debt for France, Britain, and Germany to have to pay back the United States.

Good Neighbor Policy

The main goal was to build friendly relations by getting rid of American intervention and military. It promoted economic dependence, especially in Latin America, not limiting the power of the United States but changing the way the power is used.

Reciprocal Trade Agreements

Authorized the administration to negotiate treaties lowering tariffs by as low of 50%. In return the US expected the other nations for reciprcal trade reductions. This wasn’t very successful because most of the products given were not competitive with American industries and not wroth anything, so it couldn’t pay back debt.

Neutrality Acts

Made it impossible for the US to sell any war equipment to other nations. Created because of isolationism and the fear of the United States joining the war.

Revisions to Neutrality Acts

Created the Cash-and-Carry policy where the United States could sell goods to countries, but the goods had to be paid in full and once paid for had to be “carried” out of the United States completely by the other country. It still maintained the United States being uninvolved in the war physically, but was there supporting countries with war equipment.

America First Committee

Group of people that opposed joining the war and were indirectly, a large portion of them was the Republican party and Nazi Party sympathizers.

Lend-Lease

A method that eliminated the dollar sign, as FDR said in one of his fireside chats. This system lended armaments to Britain without directly selling it to them and being involved. They were made to promise to return the weapons or pay for them after the war was over. It was very controversial, especially amongst the Republican party because they were scared it would get the US involved in the war.

Atlantic Charter

A talk between Churchill and FDR that was in secret to avoid and suspicions about the United States joining the war. It was about the world postwar and the reassertion of using the Oceans for benefit without there being a war over it.

Tripartite Pact

Created the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan). They continued to invade Europe and China, but now they were a team (or less a team but an alliance). Although, Japan and Germany were competitors because they both believed they were the superior country. Mass propaganda spread across Germany and Japan convincing citizens that they were equals and a good team that was able to work together.

Cordell Hull

Secretary of State that rejected the Japanese goals and being involved. He knew that there would be a bigger problem and an attack by Japan, so he involved Henry Stimson (the Secretary of War).

Henry Stimson

Secretary of War that was involved in the Tojo government and the potential attack on the United States. He took control after Hull told him the news about the potential attack. He believed that the US should help Britain by bringing armaments to their country, but FDR rejected him.

Hideki Tojo

Japanese Prime Minister that was directly responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was convicted of war crimes and killed.

Wendell Wilkie

Republican nomination for presidency against FDR. He was very inexperienced, but he had a plan to keep the country out of war but would give assistance to the allied powers went needed it.

Washington Naval Conference

Similar to the Kellogg-Briand. It was a disarmament treaty that got all the countries to reduce the size of their navy’s and outlawing chemical weapons, like poison gas, and to not attack civilian shipping. There was no enforcement, but everyone agreed.

Sino-Japanese War

A series of extremely save fights between Japan and China. Japan would continuously massacre the Chinese people in their own country, and most commonly in Chunking, China (the Capital). It began because Japan was in search of raw materials and resources and they saw China as an easy way to obtain these materials. The United States got involved and told Japan that they needed to stop killing the Chinese people, when they didn’t stop FDR took away all the resources that the US provided to Japan. This fueled the anger in Japan and led to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the United States being involved in the war.

Munich Conference

A meeting where Hitler, the Prime Minister of Britain, and the leader of France met to resolve a crisis (Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles and crossed into French territory). People believed there was peace afterwards when France and Britain agreed to allow Hitler to invade Czechoslovakia, but Hitler kept going.

Spanish Civil War

Franco and his army against many American soldiers… tbh i don’t know anything else

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

Attack in Hawaii that was completely unsuspected. American soldiers were looking elsewhere because Hawaii was very far away from Japan and a hard area to get to. A wave of Japanese bombers attacked the US naval base, all the American this were still in the ports and were blown up. It unified the American people to come together and fight against Germany and Japan. Thousands of men volunteered to join and mobilize the war.