Year 11 Needed Knowledge

Prior knowledge needed from year 11!

What do groups and periods tells us about the element?

Groups tells us how many electrons are in the valence electrons
Periods tells us how many shells are occupied

Core charge

measure of the attractive force of valence electrons to the nucleus

How to calculate core charge?

number of protons - number of innershell electrons

Trend of core charge

increases across, increases going down

Electronegativity

ability to attract electrons to itself

Trend of electronegativity

increases across, decreases down a group

Atomic radius

measurement of the size of the atom

Trend for atomic radius

decreases across, increases down a group

First ionisation energy

energy required to remove one valence electron from outer shell

Trend of first ionisation energy

increases across, decreases down the group

Covalent bonding

when two atoms share electrons with each other

Ionic bonding

when the electronegativity between a metal and a non-metal is higher than 1.7

Metallic bonding

elements from the left side having delocalised electrons

Moles to particles

x (6.02 × 10²³)

Particles to moles

/ (6.02 × 10²³)

calculating moles using molar mass

moles = mass / molar mass

Alkanes

CnH2n+2
e.g., Methane

Alkynes

CnH2n
e.g., Methene (has a double carbon bond)

Alkynes

CnH2n-2
e,.g., Methyne (has a triple carbon bond)

Rules for naming hydrocarbons (IUPAC)

1. Find the largest carbon chain

2. Use the parent prefix

3. Use suffix for homologous series

4. Number any double carbons from closer side

5. Number side chain positions

6. Use prefix for number of side chains

7. Places hyphens between letters + numbers

8. Place commas between numbers

OIL RIG

Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain

Intermolecular bonds

dipole dipole, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds

Intramolecular bonds

ionic, metallic, covalent,