AP Human Geo 39-59

language group

language group

Set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics that have split from the branches

language dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

creolization

A fully developed language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

lingua franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

pidgin

A developing, simplified form of speech developed from two or more languages

isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.

Indo-European Family

Language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by about 50% of the world's people.

toponym

The name given to a place on Earth

Universalizing Religion

Faiths that claim applicability to all humans and that seek to transmit their beliefs through missionary work and conversion

Ethnic Religion

A religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Buddhism

The teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained

Sikhism

The doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Judaism

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Only believes in the Old Testament

Religious Fundamentalism

Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy

Sacred Sites

Place or space people infuse with religious meaning

Core-domain-sphere model

A model in which the area outside of the core of a culture region in which the culture is still dominant but less intense.

polytheistic religion

The belief in or worship of more than one god.

monotheistic religion

A religion with one god