PDHPE Notes:

Health definition: a balance of the 5 dimensions of health: physical, cognitive, emotional, social and spiritual

Sexual characteristics definition: Your sexual characteristics influence the level of risk of developing some diseases

Contextual factors: Factors that influences health, safety, wellbeing and participation in physical activity.

-            Genetics, physical and seriocomic environment and lifestyle all affect health and wellbeing

Genetics:

-            Inheritaed disease

-            Medical conditions

Environment:

-            Socioeconomic (low income)

-            Physical (air and water pollution)

-            Climate

-            Overcrowding

Disease:

-            Communicable

-            Non-communicable

Lifestyle behaviour:

-            Drugs

-            Amount of physical activity

-            Diet

Family environment:

-            Threatening, controlling or violent actions against an individual or family

-            Domestic violence can have an impact on mental, emotional and physical wellbeing

Alcohol:

-            Is one of the single biggest risk factors for violence

-            Heavy drinking can double the risk of domestic violence

Physical environment:

-            Quality of air and water, housing and crowded living

-            Crop spraying can affect the health of people who live in rural areas

-            Dust storms and bushfires can affect health and wellbeing

-            Heart disease, asthma, cancer and diabetes are made worse by unhealthy living and working conditions, not much green space, noise pollution, water and soil contamination and a lack of space for exercising

Diseases:

-            Communicable diseases are passed through physical contact or through the air

-            Non communicable diseases is not transmissible directly from one person to another

-            Blood borne viruses are passed form person to person through blood to blood

Lifestyle behaviours:

-            Influenced by social characteristics

-            Positive life choices

-            Risks with health can increase the potential for injuries, infections and future problems like diseases

CVD’s:

-            Leading cause of death globally

-            In the heart and blood vessels

-            CVD deaths are due to stroke and heart attack

Cancer:

-            UV exposure

-            Skin cancer

Type 2 diabetes:

-            Runs in the family

-            Genetic disposition to the condition

-            Being overweight, not being active, poor diet

CRD’s:

-            Affects the airways and structures of the lungs

-            Air pollution, occupational chemicals and dust

-            CRD’s are not curable

Obesity:

-            When an individuals weight is higher than what is considered healthy

-            Can give cancers in the future

Healthcare:

Public hospitals:

-            Money provided by the government

-            No choice if doctor

-            Free

-            Can be longer wait times

Private hospitals:

-            Owned by private groups

-            Choice of doctor

-            Pay for services

-            Private health insurance covers most of the cost

-            Usually shorter wait times

Medicare and health insurance:

-            Australian residents pay 2% of income to the Medicare Levy, which funds the public system

Advantages of private health insurance:

-            Not have to wait for most surgeries

-            Doctor of choice

-            Your own money pays for hospital cover and can provide extra benefits such as density or physiotherapy

-            Relives the strain on public hospitals

Health personnel:

-            Gp’s can diagnose problems, treat conditions and provide advice about health concerns

-            Nurses administer drugs, bandage wounds and prepare for surgeries

Rights and responsibilities:

-            Safety when choosing health info, products or services

-            Organisations provide reviews to ensure reliable information is available to the public

-            Communicate openly and honestly

-            Work in partnership with healthcare to ensure all information is provided

Health responsibilities:

-            Know your medical history

-            be actively involved

-            take medication only according to instructions

Risk definition: A risk is a situation involving exposure to possible danger. It has the potential of gaining or losing something of value. Values can be lost or gained when taking risk, resulting from a given action or inaction, foreseen or unforeseen.

Positive risk: a risk that pushes you out of your comfort zone, and benefits you positively

Negative risk: a negative risk has a high chance of putting you/others in danger

Types of decision makers:

Impulsive – speaks before thinking

Fatalistic – what will be will be

Compliant – whatever everyone else is going to do

Intuitive – it just feels like the right decision

Play it safe – I like A, but B will be easier

Delayer – I’ll think about it later

POOCH:

Problem – asses what the problem is and what decisions need to be made

Option – work through all the possible options

Outcome – what are the outcomes of these options, positive or negative?

Choices – decide on the best choice to minimise risk to yourself

How did it go? – evaluate your decision by reflecting on the outcome

Smoking/vaping:

-            tabacco is made from tobacco plants (dried leaves)

-            nicotine is the addictive ingredient

-            cigarettes, cigar, pipe, snorted or chewed

-            tobacco is both a stimulant and depressant

-            nicotine is a stimulant

History of smoking and introduction of vaping:

-            cigarettes provided to soldiers during WW2 to relieve stress

-            cigarette brands donated them for marketing

-            statistics of smokers after WW2: 3 in 4 AUS men, 1 in 4 AUS women

-            companies tried to discredit the attempts to reduce smoking

-            changed the ways they marketed

Definitions of depressants and stimulants:

Stimulant

-            speeds things up

-            is what people feel first when they have nicotine

-            adrenaline rush

-            eg. Caffeine, cocaine

Depressants

-            slow down the message from the brain to the body

-            impaired concentration

-            eg, alcohol

What’s in an E-cigarette?

-            A battery, heating elements and e-liquid (pod)

Guidelines about alcohol

-            Healthy men /women should drink no more than 10 standard drinks a week and no more than 4 drinks on any one day

-            Children and people under 18 years old should not drink alcohol because their brains have not developed yet

-            Women who are pregnant should not drink alcohol

Misue of medication

-            Personal information

o   Drugs mat overload their system

o   Put themselves at risk for dangerous drug interactions that can cause seizures, coma or even death

-            Forms and doses

o   When misused, prescription drugs may be taken in larger amount, putting someone at greater risk of overdosing or addiction

-            Side effects

o   Side effects can be worse when prescription drugs are not taken as prescribed or are used in combination with other substances

How they are misused

-            Taking someone else’s prescription medication

-            Taking a prescription or non-prescription medication other than prescribed (crushing pills, or taking more than prescribed)

-            Taking a prescription or non-prescription medication to get high

-            Mixing prescription medication with other drugs

Effects of drugs/alcohol

Short term effects:

-            Lose sense of balance

-            Lose ability to make proper decisions

-            Irritate stomach

-            Sick

Long term effects:

-            Addiction

-            Liver disease

-            High blood pressure

-            Cancer

-            Coma

Effects on the brain

-            Neurotransmitters move information through the brain

o   Effects

§  Physical

·        Coordination

·        Balance

§  Mental

·        Memory

§  Emotional

·        Feelings

·        Decisions

·        Controlling emotions

-            Stronger effect on young people

Effects of vaping

Short term effects:

-            Nausea

-            Vomiting

-            Airway irritation

-            Chest pain

-            Headaches

Long term effects:

-            Addiction

-            Mood

-            Lung damage

How cannabis use lead to drop in school grades

-            People may get impacted by short term memory loss

-            Cant retain information

-            Reduces ability to focus

Example of how cannabis mig7% of secondary students aged 12-17 in 2017 had smoked in the last month, down from 9% in 2011ht continue to effect young people weeks after using it

-            Takes multiple weeks before it goes away

-            Loss of organisation, decision making

-            Depression

-            Anxiety

What has research found regarding people who use cannabis while their brain is still developing

-            More permanent

Harm minimisation

-            Aim to reduce harm to individuals

-            eg. Sunscreen, seatbelts, speed limits

-            Perosnal skills eg. Being able to say no, helping others in risky situations

-             

Campaign

-            Drinkwise

-            “You won’t miss a moment if you DrinkWise”

-            Informing Australians about moderation in drinking

-            Being mindful as an adult drinking in front of under age Australians