Neurological System Exam Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the neurological system that should aid in understanding and memorizing material for exam preparation.

What are the roles of the Wernicke and Broca areas in the brain?

Wernicke area is involved in understanding spoken language and forming thoughts; Broca area is responsible for motor speech and sending messages to muscles to produce speech.

What is the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

The RAS controls the sleep/wake cycle and is involved in alertness and arousal.

What is the difference between declarative and procedural memory?

Declarative memory involves retention of facts and information, while procedural memory involves skills and habits.

What does the limbic system contribute to?

The limbic system plays a significant role in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.

What are the major brain waves recorded by an EEG, and what states do they represent?

Alpha waves indicate a resting state; beta waves occur during intense mental activity; theta waves are present during frustration; delta waves occur during deep sleep.

What are the two functional categories of neurons?

The two functional categories are sensory (afferent) neurons and motor (efferent) neurons.

What is the purpose of myelination in neurons?

Myelination protects and insulates axons, speeds up nerve impulse transmission, and aids in axon repair.

What does the blood-brain barrier do?

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain by controlling the permeability of substances from the blood to the brain tissue.

What are the two main pathways for sensory and motor neurons in the nervous system?

Ascending tracts carry sensory information to the brain, while descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain to the body.

How are cranial nerves functionally classified?

Cranial nerves can be classified as sensory, motor, or both based on their primary function.