Kinesiology Upper Extremities

shoulder girdle bones

scapula and clavicle

how to orient scapula bone

spine goes posterior and glenoid fossa will be further from midline

scapulathoracic

not a true joint but a functional interface where the scapula moves against the rib cage

sternoclavicular joint

saddle joint that connects the clavicle to the manubrium

acromioclavicular joint

joint that connects the acromial process to scapula via gliding and rotational motion

glenohumeral joint

main ball-and-socket joint where the humerus meets the glenoid cavity

upper trapezius muscle

movement: elevation, neck extension

where: posterior, attachments on base of skull

middle trapezius muscles

movement: retraction

where: posterior, superficial, attachment to spinal cord

lower trapezius muscles

movement: depression

where: posterior, superficial, attachment on vertebrate

levator scapulae

movement: elevation

where: posterior, attachment from the superior angle on scapula

rhomboid major and minor muscle

movement: retraction, downward rotation (prime mover)

where: shoulder girdle, posterior, deep

serratus anterior muscle

movement: protraction, upward rotation

where: shoulder girdle, anterior, originates on ribs and inserts  on medial border of scapula

pectoralis minor

movement: protraction, depression

where: shoulder girdle, anterior, originates on ribs and inserts on coracoid

pectoralis major

movement: horizontal flexion

location: anterior, superficial

latissimus dorsi

movement: adduction

location: posterior, inserts on intertubercular groove

anterior deltoid head

movement: flexion

middle head of deltoid

movement: abduction

posterior head of deltoid

movement: horizontal abduction, extension (with synergists)

coracobrachialis

movement: helper on the front (abduction, adduction, horizontal adduction)

location: originates on the coracoid process and inserts on the midsection of the humerus

supraspinatus

movement: weak abduction, scaption

location: inserts on greater tubercle and originates on the supraspinous fossa (goes under clavicle)

infraspinatus muscle

movement: external rotation

location: posterior, inserts on greater tubercle and originates on infraspinatus fossa

teres minor

movement: external rotation

location: inserts on greater tubercle and originates on posterior, lateral scapula borders

subscapularis

movement: internal rotation

location: inserts on the lesser tubercle and originates on the subscapularis fossa

teres major

movement: helper on the posterior side (extension, internal rotation, adduction)

scaption

combination of flexion and internal rotation; in scapular plane

elbow joint type

hinge joint

radioulnar joint type

pivot

radioulnar joint actual names

humeroulnar and radioulnar

olecranon fossa location

posterior side of humerus

olecranon process location

on ulna, point of elbow due to many attachments

bone markings locked in flexion

coronoid process + fossa

bone markings locked in extension

olecranon process + fossa

bicep brachii

movement: elbow flexion, forearm supination, weak shoulder flexion

location: originates coracoid process (scapula), and inserts radius

brachialis

movement: true elbow flexor

location: anterior humerus + inserts ulna (coronoid process)

brachioradialis

movement: elbow flexion, pronating to neutral from supinated position, supination to neutral from pronated position

location: originates humerus and inserts radius

tricep brachii

extension of elbow

tricep brachii long head

extension of shoulder, adduction of shoulder

anconeus

movement: elbow extension

location: lateral condyle originates humerus and inserts ulna (olecranon process)

supinator

movement: supination

location: posterior, originate on humerus + ulna and insert on the radius

pronator teres

movement: pronation, weak flexion

location: closer to elbow, anterior, originates at ulna + humerus and inserts on radius

pronator quadratus

movement: pronation

location: originates on ulna and inserts on radius

radiocarpal joint type

condyloid

wrist joint consists of…

distal end of radius and ulna and proximal row of carpals

intercarpal joint types

each part creates a gliding joint

carpometacarpal joint type

gliding

metacarpophalangeal joint type

condyloid

interphalangeal joint type

hinge

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexion, ulnar deviation

flexor carpi radialis

flexion, radial deviation

palmaris longis

flexion; wrist muscle (middle)

extensor carpi ulnaris

extension, ulnar deviatione

extensor carpi radialis longis

near thumb; extension, ulnar deviation

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extension, radial deviation (middle)

extensor digitorum communis

extends digits 2, 3, 4, 5

extensor digiti minimi

extends 5th digit (pinky)

extensor digit indicis

extends 2nd digit (pointer)

flexor digitorium superficialis

flexor for metacarpophalangeal joint

flexor digitorum profundus

flexion of PIP and DIP

flexor pollicis

flex thumb on palm

abductor pollicis

abduction of thumb

extensor pollicis longus

extends IP joint; runs to tip of thumb

extensor pollicis brevis

only extends MCP joint