Module 13F1-6 + Sexuality Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing Long Term Care Patient and Common Diseases/Disorders

Tumor

New growth of abnormal cells.

Benign Tumors

Tumors that do not spread to other body parts.

Malignant Tumors (Cancer)

Tumors that invade and destroy nearby tissue and can spread to other body parts.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer to other body parts.

Surgery (Cancer Treatment)

Removal of tumors; done to cure cancer, control cancer, and relieve pain.

Radiation Therapy (Radiotherapy)

Destroys certain tumors, shrinks tumors before surgery, destroys cancer cells that remain after surgery, controls tumor growth to prevent or relieve pain.

Chemotherapy

Involves drugs that kill cells; used for shrinking a tumor before surgery, killing cells that break off a tumor, and relieving symptoms caused by the cancer.

Hormone Therapy

Prevents cancer cells from getting or using hormones needed for their growth.

Biological Therapy (Immunotherapy)

Helps the immune system fight the cancer.

Stem Cell

A cell from which new cell types develop.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Used along with standard cancer treatments or instead of standard cancer treatments.

Immune System

Protects the body from microbes, cancer cells, and other harmful substances; defends against threats inside and outside the body.

Autoimmune Disorder

The immune system attacks the body's own normal cells, tissues, or organs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox.

Stroke (Brain Attack or Cerebrovascular Accident [CVA])

A disease that affects the arteries that supply blood to the brain.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Warning signs of a stroke that may last a few minutes.

Parkinson's Disease

A slow, progressive disorder with no cure that affects movement.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A chronic disease where the myelin, which covers nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, is destroyed.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A disease that attacks the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Occurs when a sudden trauma damages the brain.

Stupor

An unresponsive state in which the person can be briefly aroused

Coma

A condition in which the person is unconscious, does not respond, is unaware, and cannot be aroused.

Vegetative State

A condition in which the person is unconscious and unaware of surroundings, but has sleep-wake cycles and periods of being alert.

Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)

A vegetative state lasting for more than 1 month.

Lumbar Injuries (Paraplegia)

When sensory and muscle function in the legs are lost from spinal cord injuries.

Thoracic Injuries (Paraplegia)

When sensory and muscle function below the chest are lost from spinal cord injuries.

Cervical Injuries (Quadriplegia or Tetraplegia)

When sensory and muscle function of the arms, legs, and trunk are lost from cervical injuries.

Autonomic Hyperreflexia

Occurs with spinal cord injuries above the mid-thoracic level where there is uncontrolled stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Arthritis

Joint inflammation; the most common joint disease.

Osteoarthritis

The most common type of arthritis (degenerative joint disease).

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A chronic inflammatory disease that causes joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function.

Arthroplasty (Total Joint Replacement Surgery)

The surgical replacement of a joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis).

Osteoporosis

A condition where the bone becomes porous and brittle.

Fracture

A broken bone; can be open (compound) or closed (simple).

Reduction and/or Fixation

Moving bone ends back into place

Traction

A steady pull from two directions keeps the bone in place.

Amputation

The removal of all or part of an extremity.

Gangrene

The death of tissue.

Prosthesis

An artificial replacement for a missing body part.

Circulatory System

The cardiovascular system delivers blood to the body's cells. Problems that occur in the heart or blood vessels.

Hypertension

The resting blood pressure is too high (Systolic pressure = 140 mm Hg or higher or Diastolic pressure = 90 mm Hg or higher).

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

The coronary arteries become hardened and narrow, causing the heart muscle to get less blood and oxygen.

Angina

Chest pain from reduced blood flow to part of the heart muscle (myocardium).

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Part of the heart muscle dies; also called a heart attack.

Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure [CHF])

Occurs when the weakened heart cannot pump normally.

Dysrhythmia

An abnormal heart rhythm.

Defibrillation or Cardioversion

An electrical shock is given to stop an abnormal rhythm.

Ablation

Areas of tissue in the heart sending abnormal electrical signals are destroyed.

Pacemaker

Device that is inserted under the skin near the heart; it monitors and regulates the heart's rhythm.

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)

Used for life-threatening dysrhythmias; it delivers a shock when the heart is in a life-threatening rhythm; some devices are both a pacemaker and an ICD.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs)

A group of illnesses caused by viruses that affect many organs, damage blood vessels, and impair the body's ability to regulate itself.

Ebola (Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever)

A severe and deadly VHF caused by the Ebolavirus.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Involves two disorders that interfere with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs (chronic bronchitis and emphysema).

Chronic Bronchitis

Occurs after repeated episodes of bronchitis.

Emphysema

The alveoli enlarge and become less elastic.

Asthma

The airway becomes inflamed and narrow; extra mucus is produced.

Sleep Apnea

Pauses in breathing occur during sleep.

Influenza

A respiratory infection caused by viruses.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68)

Can cause mild to severe respiratory illness; the virus is found in saliva, mucus, and sputum.

Pneumonia

An inflammation and infection of lung tissue.

Tuberculosis (TB)

A bacterial infection in the lungs.

Lymphedema

A build-up of lymph in the tissues causing edema (swelling); occurs when there is a blockage or damage to the lymph system.

Lymphoma

Cancer involving cells in the immune system (lymphocytes).

Digestive System

Breaks down food for the body to absorb and eliminates solid wastes.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A disease in which stomach contents flow back from the stomach into the esophagus.

Vomitus (Emesis)

Food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth.

Diverticular Disease

Small pouches that can develop in the colon; the pouches bulge outward through weak spots in the colon.

Diverticulosis

The condition of having diverticulum pouches.

Diverticulitis

The pouches can become infected or inflamed.

Crohn's Disease (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

The lining of the large intestine, small intestine, or both is inflamed.

Ulcerative Colitis (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

The lining of the large intestine and rectum is inflamed and has ulcers.

Bile

Liquid made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder until needed to digest fat.

Gallstones

Form when the bile hardens into stone-like pieces.

Hepatitis

An inflammation of the liver.

Cirrhosis

A liver condition caused by chronic liver damage where healthy tissue is replaced by scar tissue.

Endocrine System

Made up of glands that secrete hormones that affect other organs and glands.

Diabetes

The body cannot produce or use insulin properly.

Type 1 Diabetes

The pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes

The pancreas secretes insulin but the body cannot use it well.

Gestational Diabetes

Develops during pregnancy.

Urinary System Structures

The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infection in one area can progress through the entire system.

Cystitis

A bladder infection caused by bacteria.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidney pelvis.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) or Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

The prostate enlarges as the man grows older.

Urinary Diversion

A surgically created pathway for urine to leave the body.

Urostomy

A surgically created opening between a ureter and the abdomen.

Kidney Failure (Renal Failure)

The kidneys do not function or are severely impaired.

Acute Kidney Failure

Sudden kidney failure where blood flow to the kidneys is severely decreased.

Chronic Kidney Failure

Kidney failure where the kidneys cannot meet the body's needs and nephrons in the kidney are destroyed over many years.

Dialysis

The process of removing waste products from the blood used for treating chronic kidney failure.

Hemodialysis

Removes waste and fluid by filtering the blood through an artificial kidney.

Peritoneal Dialysis

Uses the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneal membrane) to remove waste and fluid from the blood.

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

Spread by oral, vaginal, or anal sex.

Stress

The response or change in the body caused by any emotional, physical, social, or economic factor.

Mental Health

Means that the person copes with and adjusts to everyday stresses in ways accepted by society.

Mental Disorder

A disturbance in the ability to cope with or adjust to stress.

Personality

The set of attitudes, values, behaviors, and traits of a person.

Anxiety

A vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress.