Anatomy and Physiology - Introduction to the human body

Flashcards covering anatomical terms, anatomical structures, prefixes, the structural organization of the human body, organ systems, cell theory, levels of organization, characteristics of living organisms, and requirements for human life, based on lecture notes.

Anatomy

__ is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

Physiology

__ is the study of the function of body parts.

Gross Anatomy

__ is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye.

Microscopic Anatomy

__ is the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Cytology

__ is the study of individual cells.

Histology

__ is the study of tissues.

Surface Anatomy

__ is the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

Regional Anatomy

__ considers the regions of the body and all the systems in a particular region.

Systemic Anatomy

__ gives attention to all the structures of a particular system in the body regardless of location.

Cells

__ are the building blocks of all plants and animals, produced by the division of pre-existing cells and perform all vital functions.

Tissues

__ are groups of similar cells that work together to perform one or more specific functions.

Organs

__ are discrete structures composed of at least two groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

Organ System

__ is a group of organs that work closely together to accomplish a specific purpose.

Lymphatic system

The __ houses the immune system cells, provides protection against infection and disease, transports tissue fluid called lymph and absorbs fats.

Respiratory System

The __, which includes the lungs, trachea, larynx, and nasal passages, is where we have the exchange of respiratory gases.

Muscles

__ attached to the skeleton provide locomotion, support, and body heat production.

Nervous System

The __, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, directs immediate responses to stimuli.

Integumentary System

The __, including skin, hair, and nails, provide external support and protection of the body and is also involved in temperature regulation.

Bones

__ provide internal support and a flexible framework for body movement, forms blood cells, and stores minerals.

Hormone-secreting glands

__ secrete hormones that direct long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems.

Cardiovascular System

The __ provides internal transport of nutrients and oxygen to body cells while also removing wastes and carbon dioxide.

Digestive System

The __ is involved in taking in nutrients, breaking them down, and allowing for the absorption of food.

Urinary System

The __ filters the blood to remove nitrogenous waste products, eliminate excess water, salts, and waste products, while also controlling pH and electrolyte balance of the body.

Reproductive System

The __, including the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands in the female, and testes, scrotum, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and penis in the male, is involved in the production of sperm and egg, as well as the secretion of sex hormones and copulation.

Respond

__ is the ability to sense and detect both internal and external stimuli and to generate a response appropriate to that stimulus.

Adapt

__ is the ability to change their behavior, modify, provide capabilities, or structure.

Growth and Development

__ is to increase in cell size in size and cell number.

Reproduction

__ is to produce the next generation.

Movement

__ is moving about to distribute materials throughout large organisms, be able to change our position or orientation.

Respiration

__ is taking in oxygen, distribute it to our cells, and get rid of the metabolic waste product from breathing, which is carbon dioxide.

Circulation

__ is the movement of fluid, so we transport fluids within the organism.

Digestion

__ is