Blood and Immunity

Megakarocyte

mature blood cells

Platelet

Fragents of Megakarocyte

Ig G

a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune response and can cross the placenta.

Ig M

a type of antibody that is the first to be produced in response to an infection and is primarily found in the blood and lymphatic fluid.

Ig D

a type of antibody that is found in small amounts in the blood and plays a role in the activation of B cells.

Ig E

a type of antibody involved in allergic reactions and responses to parasitic infections, primarily found in the skin and mucous membranes.

Antigen

a foreign substance that elicits an immune response, typically identified by antibodies.

Obsinization

the process by which pathogens are marked for phagocytosis by antibodies or complement proteins.

Ig A

a type of antibody found predominantly in mucosal areas, such as the gut and respiratory tract, and in secretions like saliva and tears. It plays a crucial role in the immune defense by preventing pathogen attachment.

Hemostatis

the process that prevents and stops bleeding by forming blood clots through vascular constriction, platelet aggregation, and coagulation.

Adehesion

the process by which cells or pathogens stick to surfaces, such as blood vessel walls or other cells, often mediated by specific molecules that promote attachment and interaction.

Release

of signaling molecules by platelets during hemostasis to initiate clot formation and attract other cells to the site of injury.

Aggreration

the clustering of platelets at the site of injury, forming a plug to aid in the process of hemostasis.

Thrombin

an enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin, playing a crucial role in blood coagulation.

Fibrogen

a soluble plasma protein that is converted into fibrin by thrombin during the clotting process.

Neutrophil

a type of white blood cell that helps to fight infections by engulfing and digesting bacteria and fungi.

Basophil

a type of white blood cell that plays a role in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses by releasing histamine and other chemicals.

Reticulocytes

immature red blood cells

Megakaryocyte

a large bone marrow cell responsible for the production of platelets, which are essential for blood clotting.

Myeloid

related to the bone marrow and the types of blood cells produced from it, including granulocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes.

Lymphoid

related to lymphatic tissues and the types of immune cells, such as lymphocytes, produced from them.

Eosinophil

a type of white blood cell involved in combating parasitic infections and allergic reactions. They help modulate inflammatory responses.

T Lymphoctye

a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity, recognizing and eliminating infected or cancerous cells.

B Lymphocyte

a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies in response to pathogens and is crucial for humoral immunity.

Natural Killer Cells

a type of lymphocyte that provides rapid responses to virally infected cells and tumors, playing a key role in the innate immune system.

Mast Cell

a type of white blood cell involved in allergic responses and the release of histamine and other mediators during inflammation.

Albumin

a protein found in blood plasma that helps maintain osmotic pressure and transports hormones, vitamins, and drugs.

Globulin

a group of proteins in blood plasma that play roles in immune function, transport, and blood clotting.

Fibrinogen

a soluble plasma protein that is converted into fibrin during blood clotting, playing a crucial role in hemostasis.

Tranferrin

a glycoprotein in blood that binds and transports iron throughout the body, essential for iron homeostasis and preventing free iron toxicity.

Billirubin

a compound formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, primarily excreted in bile, and important for the metabolism of heme.

ADP Receptor

is a cell surface protein that binds adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and plays a crucial role in platelet activation and aggregation during hemostasis.

GP-Ib

is a receptor on platelets that facilitates the binding of von Willebrand factor, which is essential for platelet adhesion during thrombus formation.

GB IIb

is a platelet integrin that binds fibrinogen and facilitates platelet aggregation, playing a critical role in blood clotting.

Granulocytes

are a type of white blood cell characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm, which play a key role in immune response and inflammation.

Agranulocytes

are a category of white blood cells that lack visible granules in their cytoplasm, including lymphocytes and monocytes, and are essential for adaptive immune response.

Lymphocytes

are a type of agranulocyte that are key components of the adaptive immune system, responsible for producing antibodies and recognizing infected or cancerous cells.

Plasma

is the liquid component of blood that carries cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

Albumin

is a protein found in plasma that helps maintain oncotic pressure and transports various substances, including hormones and drugs, in the bloodstream.

Thrombopoeitin

refers to the development, maturation, and eventual destruction of red blood cells in the body, including stages from erythroblast to mature erythrocyte.

Hemostatis Process

Vasospasm, Placet Plug Formation, Coaggulation

Vasospasm

smooth muscles contact in response duet to an injury to restrict blood

Platelet Plug Formation

Platelets get activated and release granules that become sticky and make a plug

vonWilliabrand Factor

stabilizes platelet plug

Adenisine Phosphate

released to attract more platelets

Coaggulation

mesh work to hold placelet plug

Extrinsic Pathway

damage to extravascular cells

Intristic Pathway

damage to the wall of the blood vessel

Common Pathway

Prothrombin becomes Thrombin, Fibrogen, and Fibrin holds everything in place

TCR

bind to antigens

Plasma Cell

secrete antibodies to a specific antigen